Pharmacy Chapter 19 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

When is reconstitution necessary?

For medications that come in a powdered form, that are unstable when stored in liquid form.

When medications come in powdered form, they must be diluted with a liquid referred to as a?

Diluent or solvent.

Reconstitution is necessary for medications that come in?

Powdered form.

As a safety precaution, the pharmacy may reconstitute the medication; however, the nurse must know how the reconstitution process works and that starts with understanding the terminology associated with it.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Understanding the terminology related to reconstitution enables the nurse to understand the process of reconstitution.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solute?

<p>A powdered medication or liquid concentrate to be dissolved or diluted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solvent?

<p>A liquid that is added to the powder or liquid concentrate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a solution?

<p>The liquid that results when the solvent dissolves the solute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before you reconstitute a medication, you must?

<p>Identify the route of administration before reconstituting a medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional information do you need to identify from the medication label or package insert during reconstitution?

<ol> <li>What diluent to use 2. Amount of diluent to add 3. Storage time after reconstitution 4. Storage directions 5. Strength after reconstitution.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

What are the most common diluents that are used?

<p>Sterile water or sodium chloride.</p> Signup and view all the answers

You must check with the prescriber before reconstituting a medication with lidocaine.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you reconstitute medication, you must add the same amount of air first into the diluent that you then plan to withdraw.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of reconstitution with 2.1 ceftriaxone?

<ol> <li>Add 2.1 ml of air into sterile water vial. 2. Withdraw 2.1 ml of sterile water. 3. Add 2.1 ml of sterile water into ceftriaxone powder.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

If there are no directions for reconstitution on the label, what must you do?

<p>Consult proper resources such as pharmacy references or a pharmacology text.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of reconstituted parenteral solutions?

<p>Single strength and multiple strength.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between multiple dose vials and single dose vials?

<p>Single dose vials contain enough medication for one dose, while multiple dose vials have multiple dosages available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reconstituting multiple dose vials, what must you do when you want to store them?

<p>Label with date and time, dosage strength, expiration date, and storage directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whether a medication causes an increase in volume when it is reconstituted will be indicated on the medication label or package insert.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total dosage strength of gemzar in this vial?

<p>200 mg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much diluent is added to the vial to prepare the medication for IV use?

<p>5 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What diluent is recommended for reconstitution?

<p>0.9% sodium chloride solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final concentration of the prepared solution for IV administration?

<p>38 mg gemzar.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long will the reconstituted material retain its potency?

<p>24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

100 mg IV is ordered for day one treatment. How many milliliters will you give?

<p>2.6 ml.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do not use the dosage strength/volume on the front big in bold on the medication label to calculate reconstitution dosage.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sometimes a medication label does not list a final dosage strength after reconstituting it.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

When multiple directions are given for reconstituting medications, the smaller the amount of diluent used, the more?

<p>Concentrated the resulting solution will be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When you are mixing a medication that is a multiple strength solution, the dosage strength that you prepare must be written on the vial.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ways to calculate the reconstitution?

<p>Ratio and proportion, formula method, and dimensional analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reconstitution can also be applied to nutritional liquids and enteral feeding solutions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is enteral feeding?

<p>Enteral nutrition involves the provision of nutrients to the gastrointestinal tract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a feeding pump is used for enteral nutrition, a rate is expressed in what?

<p>ml/hr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an enteral feeding order?

<p>Order Nepro 1,200 ml over 16 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ensure 180 ml by NG tube over 8 hours. Follow with 100 ml of water after each feeding.

<p>60 ml/hr.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is referred to as the universal?

<p>Solvent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If you add more solvent, then you have a less concentrated solution.

<p>True.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solute equals solution.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between solute and solvent?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reconstitution Overview

  • Reconstitution is essential for powdered medications that are unstable in liquid form.
  • Medications in powdered form require dilution with a liquid known as a diluent or solvent.

Key Definitions

  • Solute: The powdered medication or concentrated liquid that needs to be dissolved.
  • Solvent: The liquid (also called diluent) added to the solute; choice of solvent is crucial.
  • Solution: The final liquid obtained after the solvent dissolves the solute.

Safe Practices

  • Nurses must understand the reconstitution process and related terminology for safe medication administration.
  • If directions for reconstitution are unclear, consulting pharmacy resources or medication guides is necessary.

Reconstitution Process

  • Identify the route of administration (IM, IV) before reconstitution, as methods can vary.
  • Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the type and amount of diluent.
  • Label reconstituted medications with date, strength, and storage instructions, especially for multiple-dose vials.

Dosage Calculations

  • For calculations, use final reconstituted volumes instead of bold dosage strengths listed on labels.
  • Utilize methods such as ratio and proportion, formula method (D/H x Q), and dimensional analysis for precise calculations.

Enteral Nutrition

  • Enteral feeding delivers nutrients directly to the GI tract for patients with ingestion challenges.
  • The feeding rate for enteral solutions is expressed in ml/hr, showcasing the importance of accurate dosing.

Concentration Management

  • The concentration of the resulting solution increases as the amount of diluent decreases during reconstitution.
  • Understanding solute vs. solvent is vital; solute dissolves in the solvent to form a solution.

Example Calculations

  • A nutritional formula example involves calculating desired strength against the amount of the desired solution.
  • Proper formulation of strength in nutritional solutions requires precise measurement and clarity in calculations.

Conclusion

  • Familiarity with reconstitution terminology, procedures, and calculation methods is essential for effective clinical practice in medication administration and nutritional support.

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Description

These flashcards focus on the essential concepts of reconstituting powdered medications. Learn when reconstitution is necessary, the role of diluents or solvents, and key definitions related to this important pharmacy topic. Perfect for pharmacy students or professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.

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