Medication Reconstitution
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A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that needs to be reconstituted. Why is it essential for the nurse to reconstitute the medication shortly before administration?

  • To increase the potency of the medication.
  • To ensure the medication is stable and effective. (correct)
  • To decrease the risk of allergic reaction.
  • To enhance the absorption rate of the medication.

When reconstituting a powdered medication, what action is MOST important for a nurse to take to ensure accurate dosing?

  • Read the manufacturer’s label for the specific amount of diluent to add. (correct)
  • Estimate the amount of diluent needed based on the vial size.
  • Refer to a drug reference guide for the correct diluent amount.
  • Use any available diluent in the medication room.

A medication label states: 'Add 10 mL of sterile water to yield a concentration of 250 mg/mL.' If a nurse needs to administer a 500 mg dose, how many milliliters of the reconstituted solution should be administered?

  • 5 mL
  • 1 mL
  • 10 mL
  • 2 mL (correct)

A nurse reconstitutes a multidose vial of Ceftazidime. The label indicates the medication is stable for 12 hours at room temperature and 3 days under refrigeration. If the medication was reconstituted at 0800, and it is now 1800 the same day and stored at room temperature, what action should the nurse take?

<p>Discard the remaining medication in the vial. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should a nurse MOST reliably locate information regarding the appropriate type and amount of diluent for reconstituting a specific medication?

<p>On the manufacturer’s label or insert. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vial of medication lacks explicit instructions for reconstitution on its label. Where else can a nurse MOST reliably find this information?

<p>The manufacturer’s insert included with the medication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diluents is MOST appropriate for reconstituting an oral medication?

<p>Tap water. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PRIMARY purpose of identifying the 'generic name' on a medication label?

<p>To identify the active ingredient and class of the medication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to reconstitute levothyroxine sodium. According to standard reconstitution practices, which type of diluent is MOST appropriate to add to this medication?

<p>Sterile water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing clindamycin palmitate hydrochloride for oral solution as prescribed. Considering the manufacturer's instructions, which action is MOST appropriate?

<p>Shake the solution well before each use to ensure uniform distribution of the medication. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing clindamycin oral solution. Which of the following actions by the nurse are appropriate regarding this medication?

<p>Shake vigorously. (C), Reconstitute with water. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing amoxicillin for a child. Which of the following reconstitution steps ensures the MOST accurate medication concentration?

<p>Adding diluent in portions, shaking vigorously after each addition. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing amoxicillin for oral suspension. Which of the following actions by the nurse are appropriate for this medication?

<p>Reconstitute with water. (B), Shake vigorously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes amoxicillin suspension and notes that the final volume is slightly more than the indicated 75 mL mark on the bottle. What is the MOST appropriate nursing action?

<p>Contact the pharmacy to determine the correct dosage adjustment based on the altered concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When reconstituting vancomycin, a nurse notices that the powder does not fully dissolve after adding the diluent. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

<p>Applying gentle agitation or rolling the vial between the hands to promote dissolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to reconstitute vancomycin for injection. Which of the following actions by the nurse are appropriate for this medication?

<p>Use for injection. (D), Reconstitute using sterile water. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After reconstituting vancomycin, the nurse observes particulate matter in the solution. What is the MOST appropriate action?

<p>Discarding the solution and reconstituting a fresh vial. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes vancomycin and stores it in the refrigerator as directed. How does refrigeration affect the stability and administration of the reconstituted solution?

<p>Refrigeration slows bacterial growth and maintains the drug's potency for the specified period. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer methylprednisolone. Based on the provided label, which diluent is appropriate for reconstitution?

<p>Bacteriostatic water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes amoxicillin. What information should the nurse include on the label?

<p>Date of preparation (A), Medication concentration (D), Expiration date and time (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse needs to reconstitute cephalexin for oral administration but lacks a label. What diluent is typically suitable?

<p>Bottled water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse prepares to reconstitute clindamycin. What is the first action after gathering supplies and hand hygiene, according to the provided information?

<p>Add a large portion of water and shake vigorously. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes amoxicillin using the provided label instructions. What volume of diluent is required?

<p>51 milliliters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes levothyroxine sodium for injection. Based on the label, what is the resulting concentration?

<p>40 micrograms per milliliter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the information, what information should the nurse provide the patient regarding refrigeration after mixing the amoxicillin suspension?

<p>Refrigeration is preferable but not required. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is tasked with reconstituting methylprednisolone, but the bacteriostatic water is unavailable. What is the MOST appropriate course of action?

<p>Contact the pharmacist to obtain the correct diluent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes clindamycin for a pediatric patient. How should they advise the parent on storing the medication?

<p>Store at controlled room temperature and shake well before each use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reconstituted vial of levothyroxine is only partially used. What action is required?

<p>The unused portion must be discarded immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse prepares to reconstitute amoxicillin. What would indicate that the powder is ready for reconstitution?

<p>The powder flows freely when the bottle is tapped. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Two days after a nurse reconstitutes methylprednisolone it appears cloudy. What is the correct action?

<p>Discard the reconstituted medication. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes amoxicillin at 10:00 AM on July 1st. What expiration date and time should be written on the label?

<p>July 14th at 10:00 AM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse must administer 200 mg of amoxicillin. How many milliliters should the nurse administer?

<p>2.5 milliliters (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse mistakenly reconstitutes levothyroxine with sterile water instead of 0.9% sodium chloride. What immediate action should the nurse take?

<p>Discard the incorrectly reconstituted medication and prepare a new dose with the correct diluent. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it crucial to note the expiration time after reconstituting a medication?

<p>To ensure the medication maintains its stability and effectiveness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer a medication that requires reconstitution. After adding the diluent, what information is MOST important for the nurse to include on the vial's label?

<p>Dosage strength, date and time of preparation, expiration date and time, storage method, and nurse's initials. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication label states 'Reconstitute with 5 mL of sterile water for injection'. What should a nurse do?

<p>Use 5 mL of sterile water specifically labeled for injection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication to a patient. Which type of syringe should the nurse use to draw up the medication?

<p>An oral syringe with a rounded opening. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication label reads: 'Ceftriaxone for Injection, U.S.P. 1 gram, For I.M. or I.V. use.' What information can the nurse obtain from this label?

<p>The routes of administration and the dosage amount. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering a medication via the parenteral route, how does the drug enter the body?

<p>Through the skin, nose, or veins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse reconstitutes a multi-dose vial of medication. What critical information MUST be added to the label after reconstitution?

<p>The expiration date and time after reconstitution. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication label states 'Single-use vial.' After withdrawing the prescribed dose, what action should the nurse take?

<p>Discard the remaining medication in the vial. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A hospital uses different medication labels from various manufacturers. What is MOST important for the nurse to do?

<p>Become familiar with the different labels and how to locate information on each one. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse accidentally uses a parenteral syringe to administer an oral medication. What is the PRIMARY risk associated with this error?

<p>The medication may be inadvertently injected intravenously, causing serious harm. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A vial of powdered medication needs to be reconstituted. The label provides instructions for both intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (IV) administration, each requiring different amounts of diluent. If the medication is to be administered intravenously, how should the nurse proceed?

<p>Use the amount of diluent specified on the label for intravenous (IV) administration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A newly licensed nurse is reconstituting a medication for the first time. Where should the nurse PRIMARILY look to find essential information such as reconstitution amount, diluent type, and expiration time?

<p>Refer to the manufacturer’s insert or medication label. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A nurse is preparing to administer Vancomycin intravenously. The label states, 'After reconstitution, must be further diluted.' Why is this step necessary?

<p>To reduce the risk of irritation or phlebitis at the IV site. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does administering a drug via the enteral route affect its absorption compared to the parenteral route?

<p>Enteral administration involves absorption through the digestive tract before entering the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If two medications have different stability profiles after reconstitution, what is the MOST important implication for a nurse preparing multiple medications at once?

<p>Prioritize administration based on each medication's specific expiration time after reconstitution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Reconstitution

The process of adding a liquid (diluent) to a powdered medication to create a solution for administration.

Powdered Medication

Medications that are supplied in a dry, powdered form due to instability in liquid form over extended periods.

Diluent

A liquid used to dissolve a powdered medication to create a solution for administration.

Vial

A small glass or plastic container that holds medication, often used for injectable drugs.

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Common Diluents for Injections

Common diluents used to reconstitute medications for injection include 0.9% sodium chloride, sterile water, and bacteriostatic water.

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Diluents for Oral Medications

For oral medication reconstitution, tap water or bottled water can be used as a diluent.

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Generic Name

Found on the manufacturer's label; indicates the established name of the drug.

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Route of Administration

Found on the manufacturer’s label; indicates how the medication should be administered (e.g., IV, IM, oral).

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Reconstitution Amount

The amount to add to a vial when mixing a powdered medication with a liquid.

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Expiration After Reconstitution

Expiration time after mixing a powdered medication with a liquid, varies by medication.

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Brand Name

The brand name of a medication, assigned by the drug manufacturer.

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Dosage Strength

The amount of medication in a specific volume (e.g., mg/mL).

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Single-Use Vial

Vial intended for only one use. Discard any unused portion.

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Syringe Usage

Using an oral syringe for oral medications and parenteral syringes for injections.

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Oral Syringe

Syringes with rounded openings, for oral medications only.

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Parenteral syringe

Syringes with attachment openings, used for injections.

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Labeling a Vial

Add the dosage strength, date, time, expiration, storage, and your initials.

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Enteral Route

Medication administration through the digestive tract.

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Parenteral Route

Medication goes through skin/nose/veins.

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Intramuscular

Into the muscle

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Levothyroxine Diluent

Sterile water is the appropriate diluent.

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Clindamycin Reconstitution

Clindamycin oral solution should be reconstituted with water and shaken vigorously. It should be discarded after 2 weeks and is not for injection.

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Amoxicillin Suspension

Amoxicillin oral suspension should be reconstituted with water and shaken vigorously; initially instill 17 mL for 51 mL total. It should be discarded of after 14 days.

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Vancomycin Reconstitution

Reconstitute with sterile water for injection; the solution must be further diluted before IV use.

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Levothyroxine route of administration

Levothyroxine is administered via IV or IM

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Clindamycin Palmitate Use

Clindamycin Palmitate Hydrochloride is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.

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Amoxicillin

Amoxicillin is an antibiotic in the penicillin family used to treat bacterial infections.

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Vancomycin Function

Vancomycin is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections.

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Amoxicillin Refrigeration

Refrigeration of amoxicillin suspension after reconstitution is preferable but not required.

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Oral Suspension

Shake oral suspensions well before each use to ensure even distribution of the medication.

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Bacteriostatic Water

A sterile water solution containing a preservative (usually benzyl alcohol) to inhibit bacterial growth.

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Appropriate Diluent

The type of liquid (e.g., sterile water, saline) needed to dissolve a powdered medication.

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Reconstitution Date

Date of preparation of a reconstituted medication.

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Medication Concentration

The amount of medication present in a specific volume of the reconstituted solution (e.g., mg/mL). Found on the manufacturer’s label.

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Expiration Date and Time

The date and time after which a reconstituted medication is no longer safe or effective to use.

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Steps to Reconstitute

First, tap the bottle, add 1/3 of water, shake vigorously, add the remaining water, then shake again.

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Amoxicillin Diluent Amount

51 mL

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Freeze-Dried Medication

Lyophilized

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Levothyroxine Concentration After Reconstitution

40 micrograms per milliliter.

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Use immediately

Administer medication within this time frame to ensure potency and safety.

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Bacteriostatic Water use Warning

A type of water suitable for reconstitution, but avoid for neonates due to benzyl alcohol content.

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Reconstitution Key Step

Powder should be mixed with diluent.

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Mixing Powders

Tap the bottle to loosen powder before adding liquid.

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Label importance

Carefully reading the label to know how much to add and what type of product.

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Study Notes

  • Unstable liquid medications require reconstitution from powder to liquid just before administration.
  • Reconstitution involves adding a fluid (diluent) to the medication vial.
  • Accuracy in dosing relies on following the manufacturer's instructions for diluent quantity.
  • Medication labels vary by manufacturer, so needed information may be on the label or the manufacturer’s insert.

Diluents

  • Common diluents for injections include 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% dextrose in water, sterile water, and bacteriostatic water.
  • Tap or bottled water is suitable for reconstituting oral medications.
  • The label or insert will specify other appropriate solutions

Medication Labeling

  • Medication labels provide critical information including brand name, generic name, administration route, dosage strength, reconstitution instructions, and expiration.
  • The amount of fluid instilled for reconstitution can differ from the amount of medication obtained.
  • Expiration times after reconstitution will differ for each medication

Syringes

  • Use oral syringes for oral medications and parenteral syringes for injections.
  • Oral syringes have rounded openings, while parenteral syringes have attachment openings.

Steps to Reconstitute Powdered Medication

  • After reconstituting a vial of powdered medication, labeling is essential for safe administration.
  • Labels must include the dosage strength, preparation date and time, expiration date and time, storage method, and the nurse’s initials to ensure proper use and storage.

Administration

  • Reconstituted medications are administered like other liquid forms (oral, IV, IM, or subcutaneous).
  • Enteral routes involve the mouth and digestive tract, while parenteral routes involve the skin, nose, or veins.

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Description

Learn about reconstituting medications from powder to liquid form. Understand the importance of using the correct diluent and following manufacturer's instructions for accurate dosing. Medication labels provide essential details like brand name, generic name, and reconstitution instructions.

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