Pharmacy Abbreviations and Regulations
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Questions and Answers

What does the abbreviation ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?

  • Assessment, Diagnosis, Management, Evaluation
  • Aging, Deterioration, Mortality, Efficacy
  • Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (correct)
  • Administration, Dispensing, Monitoring, Execution

What does HIPAA regulate?

  • Patient medication adherence
  • Compounding of pharmaceuticals
  • Privacy of health information (correct)
  • The sale of over-the-counter drugs

Which of the following abbreviations refers to the average price at which a drug is sold?

  • AWP (correct)
  • IVPB
  • HEPA
  • CQI

What is the primary purpose of OBRA 90?

<p>To improve patient counseling by pharmacists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a medication used specifically to treat cancer?

<p>Antineoplastic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct concentration of Normal Saline?

<p>0.9% Sodium Chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following distinguishes acute conditions from chronic conditions?

<p>Acute conditions require immediate treatment while chronic conditions do not. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'compounding' refer to in pharmacy?

<p>Mixing ingredients to create a medication not commercially available (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a pharmacy technician regarding patient interaction?

<p>Count tablets and prepare IV admixtures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication classification requires an order via DEA form 222?

<p>CII medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum concentration of dextrose that can be administered through peripheral veins?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In sterile compounding, what should be done if the port of an IV is touched?

<p>Wipe it with alcohol before use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'BID' in sig codes stand for?

<p>Twice a day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following dosage formulations contains alcohol?

<p>Elixir (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should medications be labeled in unit dosing?

<p>Drug Name, Strength, Expiration Date (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about expired medications is true?

<p>Medications expire on the last day of the month listed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intravenous medication route provides the fastest drug absorption?

<p>Intravenous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the calorie content of amino acids in TPN?

<p>4 calories per gram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

ADME

The four processes of pharmacokinetics: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion.

AWP

Average Wholesale Price - the standard price that wholesalers charge pharmacies for prescription drugs.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act - establishes national standards for the protection of sensitive patient health information.

DEA

Drug Enforcement Administration - regulates the production, distribution, and sale of controlled substances in the US.

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Boards of Pharmacy

Organizations responsible for registering pharmacists and setting regulations for pharmacy practice.

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Antineoplastic

Medication used to treat cancer by hindering the growth and spread of cancerous cells.

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Compounding

The process of mixing ingredients to create a medication tailored to a patient's specific needs.

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Handwashing

The first line of defense against infection - a simple yet effective method of reducing the spread of germs.

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Tolerance

The need for increasingly higher doses of a medication to achieve the same effect.

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Dependence

A mental or physical need for a medication to function normally.

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IV Admixture

The process of mixing medications into an IV solution.

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Unit Dose Cart

A mobile cart containing individualized doses of medications for each patient.

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DEA Form 222

A legal document used to order Schedule II controlled substances.

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Sublingual

The route of administration where medication is placed under the tongue.

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Transdermal

The route of administration where medication is absorbed through the skin.

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Parenteral Routes

Routes of administration that bypass the digestive system (e.g., IV, IM, SC).

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Biological Safety Cabinet

A specialized enclosure that provides a sterile environment for sterile compounding.

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Horizontal Laminar Flow Hood

A specialized enclosure that provides a sterile environment for sterile compounding.

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Study Notes

Abbreviations

  • ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (four aspects of pharmacokinetics)
  • AWP: Average Wholesale Price
  • HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (privacy rules for health information)
  • HEPA: High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter
  • IVPB: Intravenous Piggyback
  • NaCl: Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride)
  • OTC: Over the Counter
  • R.Ph.: Registered Pharmacist
  • Tsp vs. Tbsp: Teaspoon vs. Tablespoon
  • CQI, QA, TQM: Continuous Quality Improvement, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management (measures business performance and improvement areas)

Agencies and Laws

  • DEA: Drug Enforcement Administration (regulates drug production, distribution, and sale in the US)
  • Boards of Pharmacy: Responsible for registering pharmacists
  • OBRA 90: Requires pharmacists to counsel patients

Customers

  • Customer Satisfaction: Lack of complaint doesn't equal satisfactory service

Studying Medication Errors

  • Goal: Determine error causes and prevent future errors

Definitions

  • Antineoplastic: Medications for cancer treatment
  • Compounding: Mixing ingredients for a non-commercially available drug
  • Handwashing: First defense against infection
  • Pharmacokinetics: ADME
  • Acute vs. Chronic: Acute (sudden, immediate treatment); Chronic (long-term)
  • Enteral vs. Parenteral: Enteral (GI tract); Parenteral (not GI tract, faster absorption)
  • Knowledge Deficit vs. Performance Deficit: Knowledge (inadequate training); Performance (knew it, did it wrong)
  • Local vs. Systemic: Local (one area); Systemic (whole body)
  • Otic vs. Optic: Otic (ears); Optic (eyes)
  • Tolerance vs. Dependence: Tolerance (higher doses needed); Dependence (mental or physical need)

Technician Roles and Responsibilities

  • Counts tablets
  • Prepares IV admixtures
  • Fills unit dose carts
  • Restocks automated dispensing machines
  • Restocks emergency code carts
  • Phones insurance companies
  • Cannot discuss allergic reactions or drug recommendations with patients or recommend OTC meds
  • Cannot give nurses therapeutic alternatives or discuss therapy with doctors
  • Cannot consult or educate patients

Medications

  • Chemotherapy Agents: Not handled by pregnant employees
  • Expiration Dates: Last day of the month (e.g., 05/21 expires 05/31/2021)
  • Storage: 36-46°F
  • Unit Dosing: Specific drug amount per dose (drug name, strength, expiration date); liquid format gives dosage per mL (e.g., 125mg/5mL); contains 24-hour supply per patient; may be filled by a robot system

Dosage Formulations

  • Elixir: Contains alcohol

Routes of Administration

  • Sublingual: Under the tongue
  • Transdermal: Patch (nicotine, nitroglycerine, fentanyl)
  • Parenteral Routes: Fastest absorption (IV)

Scheduled Drugs

  • CII: Morphine (opioid analgesic)
  • CIII: Suboxone (opioid antagonist)
  • CIV: Xanax (antianxiety)
  • CV: Lomotil (anti-diarrheal)
  • DEA Form 222: Used to order Class II medications

Prescriptions

  • Expiration: Most prescriptions are valid for 12 months (except controlled substances)
  • DAW (Dispense as Written): Dispensing the brand name, no generic substitution

Sig Codes

  • BID, TID, QID, QD (dosing frequency)
  • q _ h (1, 2, 3, etc.) (every _ hours)
  • ac, pc (before meals, after meals)
  • hs (hour of sleep)
  • AD, AS, AU (right, left, both eyes)
  • OD, OS, OU (right, left, both eyes)
  • PO (by mouth)
  • prn (as needed)
  • gtts (drops)

Calculations (21 Total)

  • Days Supply (4 Practice Questions)
  • Infusion Rate (total volume in mL/total time in hours = mL/HR)
  • Conversions: Metric (K H D base D C M mcg); Household (Tsp = 5mL, Tbsp = 15mL, Oz = 30mL)
  • Metric to Household Conversions (1kg = 2.2lbs)
  • Percentage Strengths (w/v, w/w, v/v): 1g/100mL, 1g/100g, 1mL/100mL (4 Practice Questions)
  • Ratio and Proportion (6 Practice Questions)
  • Roman Numerals (Uppercase vs Lowercase) (2 Practice Questions)

Sterile Compounding

  • Preparing IV with Additives: Wipe port with alcohol after touching
  • Priming IV Tubing: Prime set before adding medication
  • LVPs vs. SVPs: LVPs (over 100mL, continuous); SVPs (100mL or less, intermittent)
  • Biological Safety Cabinet: Airflow (top to bottom), Inspections (every 6 months)
  • Horizontal Laminar Flow Hood: Airflow (toward the operator), Running time (30 minutes after turning off)

Syringes and Needles

  • Parts: Syringe (barrel, plunger, tip); Needle (hub, shaft, bevel)
  • Sizes: Gauge size (smaller gauge = larger bore, and vice versa)

Home Infusion Pharmacy

  • IV antibiotic therapy
  • IV pain medication
  • Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

Long-Term Care Pharmacy

  • Inspecting Nursing Units/Stations: Refrigerator temps, expiration dates, proper storage
  • Consultant Pharmacists: Monthly medication reviews

TPN

  • Substrates: Lipids (9 calories/gram), Amino acids (4 calories/gram), Dextrose (4 calories/gram)
  • Additives: Electrolytes (Phosphate and calcium can precipitate if together)
  • Peripheral Vein Dextrose Max%: 10%

Exam Details

  • 80 multiple-choice questions
  • 160 possible points
  • 2 hours allotted
  • National certification exam coverage
  • Student code of conduct followed

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Test your knowledge on essential pharmacy abbreviations, agencies, and laws that govern the industry. This quiz covers key terms, customer satisfaction considerations, and medication error prevention. Suitable for pharmacy students and professionals alike.

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