Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the abbreviation ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?
What does the abbreviation ADME stand for in pharmacokinetics?
What does HIPAA regulate?
What does HIPAA regulate?
Which of the following abbreviations refers to the average price at which a drug is sold?
Which of the following abbreviations refers to the average price at which a drug is sold?
What is the primary purpose of OBRA 90?
What is the primary purpose of OBRA 90?
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Which term describes a medication used specifically to treat cancer?
Which term describes a medication used specifically to treat cancer?
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What is the correct concentration of Normal Saline?
What is the correct concentration of Normal Saline?
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Which of the following distinguishes acute conditions from chronic conditions?
Which of the following distinguishes acute conditions from chronic conditions?
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What does the term 'compounding' refer to in pharmacy?
What does the term 'compounding' refer to in pharmacy?
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What is the primary role of a pharmacy technician regarding patient interaction?
What is the primary role of a pharmacy technician regarding patient interaction?
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Which medication classification requires an order via DEA form 222?
Which medication classification requires an order via DEA form 222?
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What is the maximum concentration of dextrose that can be administered through peripheral veins?
What is the maximum concentration of dextrose that can be administered through peripheral veins?
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In sterile compounding, what should be done if the port of an IV is touched?
In sterile compounding, what should be done if the port of an IV is touched?
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What does the abbreviation 'BID' in sig codes stand for?
What does the abbreviation 'BID' in sig codes stand for?
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Which of the following dosage formulations contains alcohol?
Which of the following dosage formulations contains alcohol?
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How should medications be labeled in unit dosing?
How should medications be labeled in unit dosing?
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Which of the following statements about expired medications is true?
Which of the following statements about expired medications is true?
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Which intravenous medication route provides the fastest drug absorption?
Which intravenous medication route provides the fastest drug absorption?
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What is the calorie content of amino acids in TPN?
What is the calorie content of amino acids in TPN?
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Study Notes
Abbreviations
- ADME: Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion (four aspects of pharmacokinetics)
- AWP: Average Wholesale Price
- HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (privacy rules for health information)
- HEPA: High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter
- IVPB: Intravenous Piggyback
- NaCl: Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride)
- OTC: Over the Counter
- R.Ph.: Registered Pharmacist
- Tsp vs. Tbsp: Teaspoon vs. Tablespoon
- CQI, QA, TQM: Continuous Quality Improvement, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management (measures business performance and improvement areas)
Agencies and Laws
- DEA: Drug Enforcement Administration (regulates drug production, distribution, and sale in the US)
- Boards of Pharmacy: Responsible for registering pharmacists
- OBRA 90: Requires pharmacists to counsel patients
Customers
- Customer Satisfaction: Lack of complaint doesn't equal satisfactory service
Studying Medication Errors
- Goal: Determine error causes and prevent future errors
Definitions
- Antineoplastic: Medications for cancer treatment
- Compounding: Mixing ingredients for a non-commercially available drug
- Handwashing: First defense against infection
- Pharmacokinetics: ADME
- Acute vs. Chronic: Acute (sudden, immediate treatment); Chronic (long-term)
- Enteral vs. Parenteral: Enteral (GI tract); Parenteral (not GI tract, faster absorption)
- Knowledge Deficit vs. Performance Deficit: Knowledge (inadequate training); Performance (knew it, did it wrong)
- Local vs. Systemic: Local (one area); Systemic (whole body)
- Otic vs. Optic: Otic (ears); Optic (eyes)
- Tolerance vs. Dependence: Tolerance (higher doses needed); Dependence (mental or physical need)
Technician Roles and Responsibilities
- Counts tablets
- Prepares IV admixtures
- Fills unit dose carts
- Restocks automated dispensing machines
- Restocks emergency code carts
- Phones insurance companies
- Cannot discuss allergic reactions or drug recommendations with patients or recommend OTC meds
- Cannot give nurses therapeutic alternatives or discuss therapy with doctors
- Cannot consult or educate patients
Medications
- Chemotherapy Agents: Not handled by pregnant employees
- Expiration Dates: Last day of the month (e.g., 05/21 expires 05/31/2021)
- Storage: 36-46°F
- Unit Dosing: Specific drug amount per dose (drug name, strength, expiration date); liquid format gives dosage per mL (e.g., 125mg/5mL); contains 24-hour supply per patient; may be filled by a robot system
Dosage Formulations
- Elixir: Contains alcohol
Routes of Administration
- Sublingual: Under the tongue
- Transdermal: Patch (nicotine, nitroglycerine, fentanyl)
- Parenteral Routes: Fastest absorption (IV)
Scheduled Drugs
- CII: Morphine (opioid analgesic)
- CIII: Suboxone (opioid antagonist)
- CIV: Xanax (antianxiety)
- CV: Lomotil (anti-diarrheal)
- DEA Form 222: Used to order Class II medications
Prescriptions
- Expiration: Most prescriptions are valid for 12 months (except controlled substances)
- DAW (Dispense as Written): Dispensing the brand name, no generic substitution
Sig Codes
- BID, TID, QID, QD (dosing frequency)
- q _ h (1, 2, 3, etc.) (every _ hours)
- ac, pc (before meals, after meals)
- hs (hour of sleep)
- AD, AS, AU (right, left, both eyes)
- OD, OS, OU (right, left, both eyes)
- PO (by mouth)
- prn (as needed)
- gtts (drops)
Calculations (21 Total)
- Days Supply (4 Practice Questions)
- Infusion Rate (total volume in mL/total time in hours = mL/HR)
- Conversions: Metric (K H D base D C M mcg); Household (Tsp = 5mL, Tbsp = 15mL, Oz = 30mL)
- Metric to Household Conversions (1kg = 2.2lbs)
- Percentage Strengths (w/v, w/w, v/v): 1g/100mL, 1g/100g, 1mL/100mL (4 Practice Questions)
- Ratio and Proportion (6 Practice Questions)
- Roman Numerals (Uppercase vs Lowercase) (2 Practice Questions)
Sterile Compounding
- Preparing IV with Additives: Wipe port with alcohol after touching
- Priming IV Tubing: Prime set before adding medication
- LVPs vs. SVPs: LVPs (over 100mL, continuous); SVPs (100mL or less, intermittent)
- Biological Safety Cabinet: Airflow (top to bottom), Inspections (every 6 months)
- Horizontal Laminar Flow Hood: Airflow (toward the operator), Running time (30 minutes after turning off)
Syringes and Needles
- Parts: Syringe (barrel, plunger, tip); Needle (hub, shaft, bevel)
- Sizes: Gauge size (smaller gauge = larger bore, and vice versa)
Home Infusion Pharmacy
- IV antibiotic therapy
- IV pain medication
- Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)
Long-Term Care Pharmacy
- Inspecting Nursing Units/Stations: Refrigerator temps, expiration dates, proper storage
- Consultant Pharmacists: Monthly medication reviews
TPN
- Substrates: Lipids (9 calories/gram), Amino acids (4 calories/gram), Dextrose (4 calories/gram)
- Additives: Electrolytes (Phosphate and calcium can precipitate if together)
- Peripheral Vein Dextrose Max%: 10%
Exam Details
- 80 multiple-choice questions
- 160 possible points
- 2 hours allotted
- National certification exam coverage
- Student code of conduct followed
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Description
Test your knowledge on essential pharmacy abbreviations, agencies, and laws that govern the industry. This quiz covers key terms, customer satisfaction considerations, and medication error prevention. Suitable for pharmacy students and professionals alike.
