Pharmacology Week 11: Estrogen and Progesterone

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What is the mechanism of action of progestin in inhibiting the LH surge in the pituitary?

By binding to estrogen receptors in the liver

By atrophying the endometrium and thickening the cervical mucus (correct)

By stimulating the production of blood clotting factors

By inhibiting the release of FSH from the pituitary

Which of the following is a physiological effect of estrogen-based contraceptives?

Weight loss and improved acne

Increased serotonin levels and reduced risk of depression

Decreased fluid retention and increased HDL

Increased hepatic protein production and increased risk of DVT (correct)

What is the difference between the mechanism of action of estrogen and progestin in contraceptives?

Estrogen potentiates the action of progestin agents, while progestin inhibits the LH surge (correct)

Estrogen increases serotonin levels, while progestin decreases it

Estrogen stabilizes the endometrium, while progestin atrophies it

Estrogen suppresses FSH secretion, while progestin stimulates LH surge

Which generation of progestin-based contraceptives includes desogestrel and norgestrel?

Second generation Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of estrogen-based contraceptives in terms of bone health?

Decreased risk of osteoporosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Follicle Stimulating Hormone in females?

Inducing LH receptor expression and follicle maturation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following estrogens is synthesized by the placenta during pregnancy?

Estriol Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of chronic release of GnRH in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Gonadal Axis?

Down regulation of FSH and LH secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones stimulates Sertoli cells to promote sperm maturation in males?

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms?

Binding to estrogen receptors in the brain to alleviate hot flashes Signup and view all the answers

What is the parent compound for all steroid hormones, including estrogens and androgens?

Cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physiological effect of hormonal contraceptives?

Regulation of menstrual cycles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gonads in the production of sex hormones?

To produce sex hormones for conception and embryonic maturation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms?

Replacing estrogen and progesterone to alleviate symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a progestin-based contraceptive?

Emergency contraception Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of estrogen on blood lipid profiles?

Increases triglycerides, HDL, and decreases cholesterol synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which Ethinyl Estradiol (EE) increases its bioavailability when taken orally?

Addition of a triple bond to estradiol Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physiological effects of estrogen is NOT related to its role in cardiovascular health?

Increases bile acid secretion Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of estrogen on sodium levels in the body?

Increases sodium retention Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of estrogen in the development of the female reproductive system?

Development of the endometrial lining Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for emergency contraception?

Failure of hormonal contraception or exposure to teratogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a self-administered hormonal contraceptive (SAHC) example?

NuvaRing Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the USMEC screening tool?

To identify patient risk factors for SAHC Signup and view all the answers

What is a requirement for pharmacist training in California?

1 hour of board-approved continuing education program or equivalent training program Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of hormonal emergency contraception?

Bleeding between periods Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Ulipristal as an emergency contraceptive?

Selective progesterone receptor modulator to delay or prevent ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential side effect of Ulipristal emergency contraception?

Menstrual irregularities Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended timing for initiating long-term hormonal birth control after taking Ulipristal?

Wait 5 days after taking Ulipristal Signup and view all the answers

What is the effectiveness of Levonorgestrel (Plan B One-Step) as an emergency contraceptive?

89% effective Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight consideration for Ulipristal emergency contraception?

No FDA approved weight, but decreased effectiveness >165 lbs Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with progestin-based contraceptives?

Breakthrough bleeding late cycle Signup and view all the answers

What type of oral pill administration has the same amount of hormones in each active pill?

Monophasic Signup and view all the answers

When should a woman start taking hormonal contraceptives if she has just had unprotected sex and wants to minimize the risk of pregnancy?

Anytime start or quick start Signup and view all the answers

Who should not take combined hormonal contraceptives?

Women 35 or older who smoke cigarettes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a pharmacist in providing hormonal contraceptives?

Furnish patients with medications Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'Sunday start' in hormonal contraceptives?

Cycle begins on Sunday always Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an estrogen-associated side effect?

Breast tenderness Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'First day of bleeding start' in hormonal contraceptives?

Protection immediate Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for combined hormonal contraceptives?

History of blood clots or stroke Signup and view all the answers

What type of hormonal contraceptive is recommended for women who experience irregular periods?

Progestin-only pill Signup and view all the answers