Pharmacology Volume of Distribution Quiz

<p>H1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Block of 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RANK ligand inhibitor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of opportunistic infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibited by digoxin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary fibrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Timolol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shunting of arachidonic acid towards leukotriene synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conversion to a cytotoxic compound by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EGFR (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tachycardia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It injects sporozoites into the bloodstream. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Log P decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elimination half-life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can often be predicted based on pharmacological profiles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To license over-the-counter medications. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Angiotensin converting enzyme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Na+/Cl. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium channel blocker. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sustained low concentration of oestrogens for about 36 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The interstitial cells of the testes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a potent blood schizonticidal against all four species of the malaria parasite. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intracellular receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no androgenic and progestogenic properties but has oestrogenic properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dose that causes a toxic effect in 50% of the population (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Substance P (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They increase non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An enzyme that pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell, requiring energy (ATP). It is crucial for maintaining cell membrane potential and nerve impulse transmission.

A drug that inhibits the sodium/potassium ATPase pump, leading to increased intracellular calcium and stronger heart contractions. It is used to treat heart failure and some arrhythmias.

A drug that increases calcium sensitivity in the heart muscle, making it contract more forcefully. It does not directly affect the sodium/potassium ATPase.

A class III antiarrhythmic drug that blocks potassium channels in the heart, prolonging the action potential duration and slowing down heart rate. It is used to treat various heart rhythm disorders.

A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe. It can be a rare side effect of amiodarone.

A drug used to treat glaucoma, it works by constricting the pupil and improving drainage of fluid from the eye.

A beta-blocker used to treat glaucoma, it works by reducing the production of fluid in the eye, lowering pressure.

A condition where even small doses of aspirin (and similar drugs) can trigger severe bronchospasm in asthmatic patients.

A measure of how much drug distributes throughout the body relative to the plasma concentration.

Ritonavir inhibits the action of HIV protease, an enzyme crucial for viral replication.

Sucralfate binds to glycoproteins forming a protective layer over the ulcer, shielding it from stomach acid.

H1 receptor activation leads to vasodilation of post-capillary venules.

Ondansetron blocks serotonin (5-HT3) receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, preventing nausea and vomiting.

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors increase vasodilation by preventing the breakdown of cGMP.

IGF-1 mediates the peripheral action of growth hormone, contributing to growth and development.

Carbimazole, an antithyroid drug, can worsen hypothyroidism by further reducing thyroid hormone production.

When a mosquito feeds on human blood, it injects sporozoites into the bloodstream, beginning the malaria cycle in the human host.

When a drug becomes ionized, its Log P (lipid-water partition coefficient) generally decreases. This means it becomes more water-soluble.

A time-concentration plot graphs a drug's concentration in the body over time. It provides valuable information, like the drug's elimination half-life.

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unexpected and unintended effect of a medicine. It can occur even when the medicine is used correctly.

The HPRA is the national medicines regulatory authority in Ireland. It evaluates and licenses medicines for human use.

Lisinopril specifically inhibits the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the body.

Thiazide diuretics block the Na+/Cl- transporter in the nephron of the kidney, leading to increased urine production.

Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker. It works by blocking the flow of calcium ions across the cell membrane.

Oestrogen levels are low during the follicular phase, stimulating the release of GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone) from the hypothalamus, which then triggers the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland.

A sustained low concentration of oestrogen for about 36 hours is required before the LH surge occurs, leading to the release of the ovum (egg).

Testosterone is primarily synthesized in the interstitial cells of the testes. These cells contain the necessary enzymes for its production.

Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) interacts with intracellular receptors. This interaction modifies gene transcription, ultimately influencing various male characteristics.

Quinine is a potent blood schizonticidal drug, effective against all four species of the malaria parasite (Plasmodium).

Peptide co-transmitters are substances that work alongside neurotransmitters. Substance P is one example, acting as a co-transmitter in the nervous system.

Anticholinesterase overdose leads to impaired central nervous system function. This occurs due to excessive accumulation of acetylcholine, disrupting nerve impulses.

Acetylcholine promotes its own release at the nicotinic receptors present in skeletal muscle.