Pharmacology Terminology

What is the term for the process by which a drug is transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream?

What type of reaction occurs when the body interprets an administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug?

What is characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse occurring immediately after exposure to a drug?

What is a glass flask containing a single dose of medication for parenteral administration called?

What are undesirable effects of a drug that are not part of its intended therapeutic effect?

What is the primary function of creatinine clearance in the body?

What is the term for the movement of drugs through the circulatory system to reach the site of action?

What is the term for the extent and rate at which the active moiety of a drug enters systemic circulation?

What is the primary function of creatine in the body?

What is the waste product of creatine that is used to measure renal function?

What is the term that describes the body's need for larger doses of a drug over time to achieve the same effect?

Which term refers to the study of how ethnicity affects the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion of prescribed medications?

What is the term that describes the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half?

What is the term that describes an unusual, unexpected response to a drug, which may manifest as an overresponse, underresponse, or a response different from the expected outcome?

What is the process by which the body removes a drug or its metabolites?

Which route of administration delivers medication directly to the veins?

What is the purpose of a loading dose?

Where is an intradermal injection placed?

What is the term for the administration of a drug in solution via the respiratory tract?

Into which muscle is an intramuscular injection typically given?

What is the primary purpose of a medication reconciliation process?

What is the benefit of giving a loading dose of seizure medication?

What does the term 'parenteral' refer to?

What is the term for the chemical changes that occur in the body to provide energy?

What happens to a drug when it undergoes biotransformation?

What is the term for the study of how genetic variation affects an individual's response to drugs?

What is the term for the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body?

What is the term for the highest plasma concentration of a drug?

What is the term that encompasses the study of the actions of chemicals on living organisms?

What is the term for the movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapeutics?

What is the significance of extensive plasma protein binding in drug efficacy?

What is the characteristic of drugs that are minimally protein bound?

What is the term for an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it?

What is the meaning of a PRN order in medication administration?

What is the term that describes the combined effect of two or more drugs being greater than the effect of each drug alone?

Which type of injection is administered into the tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle?

What is the term for the concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity?

What is the term for the application of a substance directly to a body surface?

What is the term for a single order carried out immediately?

What is the term that describes a group of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death?

What is the term that describes the lowest concentration of a drug in the body?

What is the term for a container used to store and administer medications?

What is the primary difference between a single-dose vial and a multi-dose vial?

What is the purpose of a vial's self-sealing stopper?

What is the name that describes the chemical makeup of a drug?

What is the name given to a drug by the people who first created the medication?

What is the brand name of a drug typically referred to as?

What is the name given to a drug by a pharmaceutical company?

What is the term for the active ingredient of a drug?

What is the primary goal of understanding pharmacokinetic phase in drug therapy?

What is the significance of bioavailability in pharmacology?

Why is it important to consider the physiological changes in the older adult during drug therapy?

What is the importance of understanding cultural and genetic considerations in drug therapy?

What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapeutics?

What is the primary factor that influences the rate of absorption of a medication administered through the sublingual route?

What is the effect of increased alkalinity in the stomach on medication absorption in older adults?

Which of the following is a factor that can impair the absorption of a medication?

What is the effect of a higher drug dosage on the bioavailability of a medication?

What is the primary factor that determines the rate of absorption of a medication administered through the intramuscular route?

What is the primary factor that affects the absorption of a medication administered through the oral route?

What is the primary factor that affects the distribution of medication throughout the body?

What is the effect of low albumin levels on plasma protein binding?

What is the significance of circulation in the distribution of medication?

What is the effect of peripheral edema on the distribution of medication?

What is the role of albumin in plasma protein binding?

What effect does low albumin have on plasma protein binding?

What is the outcome of protein binding in the bloodstream?

What is the consequence of low albumin levels in older adults?

What is the significance of protein deficient patients in pharmacology?

What is the effect of protein binding on the distribution of medications?

What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

Which of the following medications would have difficulty passing through the blood-brain barrier?

What is the purpose of the selectively permeable membrane in the blood-brain barrier?

What is the characteristic of the blood-brain barrier that makes it difficult for medications to pass through?

What is the main function of the woven capillary wall in the blood-brain barrier?

What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing most drugs?

What can impact the metabolism of medications in elderly patients?

Which of the following can also play a role in metabolism, in addition to the liver?

What is a consideration for medication administration in pregnant patients?

What is the consequence of liver diseases on medication metabolism?

What is the primary reason why nitroglycerin is administered under the tongue?

What is the consequence of a high first pass effect on a medication?

Why is the intravenous route preferred for certain medications?

What happens to a medication as it passes through the liver?

Why is the intramuscular route preferred for certain medications?

What is the primary concern for elderly patients in terms of drug excretion?

What is the primary route of excretion for gaseous substances, such as inhaled anesthesia medications?

What is the fate of bilirubin after it is excreted into the bile?

What is the significance of creatinine in relation to kidney function?

What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys remove drugs from the body?

What is the primary purpose of measuring the peak plasma concentration of a drug?

What is the relationship between the onset and duration of action of a drug?

What is the significance of the therapeutic range of a drug?

What is the primary reason for monitoring bloodwork during the peak plasma concentration of a drug?

What is the primary factor that determines the termination of action of a drug?

What is the phase of a drug's action that involves the duration of the drug's concentration in the therapeutic range?

What is the point at which the drug/plasma concentration starts to be in the therapeutic range?

What is the highest plasma concentration of a drug, which may be in the toxic level?

What marks the end of a drug's action?

What is the sequence of events for a drug in the body?

What is the primary mechanism of action of albuterol?

What is the role of metoprolol in the body?

What is the effect of atorvastatin on the body?

What is the role of rifampin in the body?

What is the primary mechanism of drug-receptor interaction?

What is the significance of trough levels in pharmacokinetics?

What is the primary factor that affects the peak levels of a drug administered orally?

What is the primary reason for measuring peak and trough levels of a drug?

What is the significance of the 30-minute time point in measuring trough levels?

What is the primary difference between peak and trough levels of a drug?

What is the term used to describe an undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect that was not due to a mistake in dosage?

What is the term used to describe a serious and life-threatening allergic reaction?

What occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug and larger doses are required?

What is the term used to describe the situation where the body interprets a drug as foreign and forms antibodies against it?

What can occur as a result of repeated exposure to a drug, leading to a decrease in its effectiveness?

What is the term used to describe a drug effect that is not intended to treat an illness?

What type of effect is characterized by the risk of permanent damage or death to specific organs?

What is the primary reason why elderly individuals are at risk of toxic effects?

What is the term for an unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest as an overresponse, underresponse, or the opposite of the expected response?

What happens when a drug is taken in more frequently than it is excreted?

Why are older adults more likely to experience idiosyncratic effects?

What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs with different sites of mechanism of action result in an increased effect when taken together?

What is the result of an antagonist effect in drug interactions?

What occurs when two medications with similar pharmacologic actions are taken together?

What is an example of a synergistic effect in drug interactions?

What is the term for a drug interaction in which one drug enhances the effect of another drug?

What is the impact of grapefruit juice on certain medications?

What can herbal or natural supplements interact with?

What is the effect of certain foods on medications?

What is the impact of another substance on medications?

What can alter the absorption of medications?

What is a concern when prescribing medications to older adults?

Why may grapefruit juice interact with certain medications?

What can be a concern when prescribing medications to individuals with different cultural beliefs?

Why may medications need to be adjusted in overweight individuals?

What can be a concern when prescribing medications to pregnant women?

What is the primary factor that affects patient compliance with drug therapy?

Which of the following factors can affect the metabolism of a drug?

What is the primary organ responsible for the breakdown of most drugs?

What is the term for the phenomenon where a patient's expectations of a drug's effect can influence its actual effect?

Which of the following environmental factors can affect the efficacy of a drug?

What is the primary factor that affects the excretion of a drug?

What is the primary factor that affects the metabolism of a drug in individuals with liver disease?

What environmental factor can increase the effectiveness of pain medications?

What is the result of decreased protein intake on plasma protein binding?

What is the primary factor that affects the absorption of a drug administered through the GI tract?

What is the effect of thyroid disease on the metabolism of a drug?

What is the result of smoking and drinking on the efficacy of inhaled medications?

What can delay the absorption of orally administered medications?

What is a factor that can affect the frequency of medication administration?

What is a consideration for medication administration in older adults?

What is a potential consequence of polypharmacy?

What is a factor that can affect the efficacy of medications?

Which of the following factors can affect the efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring?

What is the primary goal of measuring blood drug levels in noncompliant patients?

How do drug interactions impact therapeutic drug monitoring?

What is the significance of measuring peak and trough levels in therapeutic drug monitoring?

Why is it important to consider patient response and tolerance in therapeutic drug monitoring?

Which of the following drugs requires regular blood level monitoring?

What is the primary purpose of monitoring vancomycin levels in patients?

Which of the following anticonvulsants requires regular blood level monitoring?

What is the primary indication for monitoring digoxin levels in patients?

Which of the following immunosuppressive drugs requires regular blood level monitoring?

What is a necessary condition before administering any medication?

What is the preferred method of receiving medication orders in non-emergency situations?

What is a necessary step when receiving verbal medication orders?

What is the purpose of requiring a written or typed order for medication administration?

In which situation would a verbal medication order be acceptable?

What is the purpose of including the patient's COB in a medication order?

What information should be included in the dosage section of a medication order?

Why is it important to include the quantity of medication in both numerical and written forms?

What is the significance of including the route of administration in a medication order?

Why is the signature of the prescribing provider necessary on a medication order?

What is the primary mechanism of action of a drug that reduces blood pressure by decreasing plasma volume?

Which type of drug is most effective in treating angina by dilating peripheral blood vessels?

What is the primary mechanism of action of a calcium channel blocker?

What is the primary mechanism of action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor?

What is the primary mechanism of action of an antihypertensive drug that reduces blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors?

Which of the following routes of administration involves the use of tablets and capsules?

Which route of administration allows for the direct delivery of medication to the veins?

What is the term used to describe the route of administration that involves the use of medication patches?

Which route of administration involves the use of the gastrointestinal tract to administer medication?

Which of the following routes of administration involves the use of the nasal cavity to administer medication?

What is the primary purpose of the 'Three checks' in medication safety measures?

What is the significance of the 'Right Reason' principle in medication administration?

What is the purpose of the 'Right Assessment Data' principle in medication administration?

What is the significance of the 'Right Documentation' principle in medication administration?

What is the purpose of the 'Right to Education' principle in medication administration?

What is the significance of the 'Right to Refuse' principle in medication administration?

When preparing and administering medication, what is the most critical step to ensure patient safety?

What information is required to be recorded when administering controlled substances?

What is the primary reason for maintaining a record of controlled substances?

Who is responsible for preparing, distributing, and documenting medication?

What is the purpose of using a two-step identification process when administering medication?

What is the primary purpose of obtaining patient information on non-prescription medications?

What is the significance of asking the patient when they took their last dose of each medication?

What is the purpose of inquiring about problems the patient has experienced with taking their medications as prescribed?

What is the primary principle of medication administration described in the text?

What is the significance of asking the patient how many days they have missed a dose of their medication in the last week?

What is the primary goal of using the nursing process in medication administration?

What is the purpose of assessing laboratory test results during medication administration?

What is an example of a nursing diagnosis related to medication administration?

What is the focus of outcome identification and planning in medication administration?

What is the significance of maintenance of therapeutic blood levels of medication in outcome identification and planning?

What is the significance of the patient demonstrating knowledge regarding their medications in outcome identification and planning?

What is the primary goal of promoting safe medication administration and appropriate outcomes?

What is the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of medications given?

What is the purpose of recording medication administration?

Why is it important to not leave medications unattended in a patient's room?

What is the purpose of offering medications separately to avoid dropping?

What is the primary goal of developing teaching plans to meet patient needs specific to medication administration?

What is a crucial aspect of medication administration that nurse educators should focus on when developing teaching plans?

What is the primary benefit of including patient education on medication administration in teaching plans?

What is a key consideration for nurse educators when developing teaching plans for patients with complex medication regimens?

What is the ultimate outcome of developing effective teaching plans for medication administration in patient care?

What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs are taken together, resulting in a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects?

What is the term for a drug interaction that occurs when a drug is taken with certain foods, such as grapefruit, and alters the absorption or metabolism of the drug?

What type of drug effect occurs when one drug reduces the effect of another drug?

What is the primary mechanism by which food can affect drug absorption?

What is the term for the combination of two or more drugs that produces an effect that is less than the sum of their individual effects?

What is the primary implication of a high therapeutic index of a drug?

What is the significance of a low therapeutic index of a drug?

What is the relationship between the median lethal dose (LD50) and therapeutic index (TI) of a drug?

What is the significance of the median effective dose (ED50) in relation to the therapeutic index of a drug?

What is the primary difference between a drug with a high therapeutic index and a drug with a low therapeutic index?

What type of medication order is typically administered by a pre-op nurse at a specific time before surgery?

Which type of medication order is used to treat a life-threatening condition and requires immediate administration?

What is the primary purpose of a standing medication order?

What type of medication order is used to administer a medication on a regular schedule, such as daily or twice a day?

Which type of medication order is used to administer a medication when the patient requires it, such as for pain relief or nausea?

What type of medication order is used to administer a medication outside of the hospital, typically through an electronic prescription to the patient's pharmacy?

What is the primary reason for checking the patient's blood sugar level before administering insulin?

What is the primary purpose of the 'right reason' in the rights of medication administration?

What is the primary benefit of including the 'right to education' in the rights of medication administration?

What is the primary reason for documenting medication administration after, rather than before, administration?

What is the primary purpose of the 'right assessment data' in the rights of medication administration?

What is the primary reason for obtaining the patient's consent before administering medication?

What is the primary purpose of labeling medicines before a procedure?

What is the main goal of medication reconciliation?

When is medication reconciliation typically done?

What percentage of medication errors can be avoided through medication reconciliation?

What is the primary benefit of medication reconciliation?

What is the primary reason for taking extra care with patients who take medications to thin their blood?

What information must be recorded when administering a controlled substance?

Why is it essential to account for all controlled substances?

What is the purpose of countersigning discarded or 'wasted' medications?

Who should have access to controlled substances?

What is the purpose of proper disposal of controlled substances in Omnicell?

What is the primary error that may occur due to staffing pattern deficiencies in medication administration?

What is a primary reason for medication errors due to lack of staff competency?

What is a common medication error that can occur due to drug distribution problems?

What is a primary consequence of reckless behavior in medication administration?

What is a primary reason for medication errors due to missing patient information?

Which nursing diagnosis is related to the effects of chemotherapy on an individual's self-perception?

A patient is experiencing anxiety related to daily self-injection of insulin. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

A patient is having difficulty managing their medication regimen due to the complexity of the regimen, lack of motivation, and visual impairment. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

A patient is experiencing constipation due to impaired swallowing oral medications. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

A patient is lacking knowledge about the interactions between herbal remedies and prescribed medications. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

Which of the following medications is NOT typically monitored through blood drug levels?

What is the primary reason for monitoring blood drug levels in patients?

Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat cardiovascular conditions?

Which of the following medications requires blood drug level monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index?

What is the primary reason for monitoring blood drug levels in patients taking antibiotics?