Pharmacology Terminology
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the process by which a drug is transferred from the site of entry into the body to the bloodstream?

  • Absorption (correct)
  • Allergic effect
  • Adverse Drug Reaction
  • Anaphylactic Reaction

    • What type of reaction occurs when the body interprets an administered drug as a foreign substance and forms antibodies against the drug?

  • Allergic effect (correct)
  • Adverse Drug Reaction
  • Anaphylactic Reaction
  • Absorption

    • What is characterized by respiratory distress and vascular collapse occurring immediately after exposure to a drug?

  • Anaphylactic Reaction (correct)
  • Allergic effect
  • Adverse Drug Reaction
  • Absorption

    • What is a glass flask containing a single dose of medication for parenteral administration called?

    <p>Ampule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are undesirable effects of a drug that are not part of its intended therapeutic effect?

    <p>Adverse Drug Reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of creatinine clearance in the body?

    <p>To estimate the glomerular filtration rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of drugs through the circulatory system to reach the site of action?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the extent and rate at which the active moiety of a drug enters systemic circulation?

    <p>Bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of creatine in the body?

    <p>To supply energy to the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the waste product of creatine that is used to measure renal function?

    <p>Creatinine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the body's need for larger doses of a drug over time to achieve the same effect?

    <p>Drug Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the study of how ethnicity affects the absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion of prescribed medications?

    <p>Ethnopharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half?

    <p>Half-Life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes an unusual, unexpected response to a drug, which may manifest as an overresponse, underresponse, or a response different from the expected outcome?

    <p>Idiosyncratic Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which the body removes a drug or its metabolites?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration delivers medication directly to the veins?

    <p>Intravenous Route</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a loading dose?

    <p>To achieve a higher concentration of a drug to get to therapeutic range quicker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is an intradermal injection placed?

    <p>Just below the epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the administration of a drug in solution via the respiratory tract?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Into which muscle is an intramuscular injection typically given?

    <p>Deltoid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a medication reconciliation process?

    <p>To ensure accurate medication lists during hospital transitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of giving a loading dose of seizure medication?

    <p>It reduces the risk of seizures for 12 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'parenteral' refer to?

    <p>Medications administered outside of the intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical changes that occur in the body to provide energy?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a drug when it undergoes biotransformation?

    <p>It becomes less potent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of how genetic variation affects an individual's response to drugs?

    <p>Pharmacogenetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which drugs alter cell physiology and affect the body?

    <p>Pharmacodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the highest plasma concentration of a drug?

    <p>Peak Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that encompasses the study of the actions of chemicals on living organisms?

    <p>Pharmacology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of drug molecules in the body in relation to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion?

    <p>Pharmacokinetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapeutics?

    <p>To achieve the desired therapeutic effect with minimal side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of extensive plasma protein binding in drug efficacy?

    <p>It increases the amount of drug that has to be absorbed before effective therapeutic levels of unbound drug are reached</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of drugs that are minimally protein bound?

    <p>They penetrate tissue better and are excreted much faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an inactive substance that gives satisfaction to the person using it?

    <p>Placebo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of a PRN order in medication administration?

    <p>Administer the medication as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the combined effect of two or more drugs being greater than the effect of each drug alone?

    <p>Synergistic Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of injection is administered into the tissue that lies between the epidermis and the muscle?

    <p>Subcutaneous Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the concentration of drug in the blood serum that produces the desired effect without causing toxicity?

    <p>Therapeutic Range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the application of a substance directly to a body surface?

    <p>Topical Application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a single order carried out immediately?

    <p>STAT Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes a group of symptoms related to drug therapy that carry risk for permanent damage or death?

    <p>Toxic Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term that describes the lowest concentration of a drug in the body?

    <p>Trough Level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a container used to store and administer medications?

    <p>Vial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a single-dose vial and a multi-dose vial?

    <p>Number of doses contained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a vial's self-sealing stopper?

    <p>To prevent contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name that describes the chemical makeup of a drug?

    <p>Chemical name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to a drug by the people who first created the medication?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the brand name of a drug typically referred to as?

    <p>The trade name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to a drug by a pharmaceutical company?

    <p>Trade name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the active ingredient of a drug?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of understanding pharmacokinetic phase in drug therapy?

    <p>To understand the movement of drug molecules in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of bioavailability in pharmacology?

    <p>It is the measure of the absorption of a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider the physiological changes in the older adult during drug therapy?

    <p>Because older adults have a higher risk of adverse drug reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the importance of understanding cultural and genetic considerations in drug therapy?

    <p>It helps in understanding the factors that affect drug action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of pharmacotherapeutics?

    <p>To determine the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the rate of absorption of a medication administered through the sublingual route?

    <p>Lipid solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased alkalinity in the stomach on medication absorption in older adults?

    <p>Decreased absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that can impair the absorption of a medication?

    <p>Impaired circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a higher drug dosage on the bioavailability of a medication?

    <p>Increased bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the rate of absorption of a medication administered through the intramuscular route?

    <p>Blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the absorption of a medication administered through the oral route?

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the distribution of medication throughout the body?

    <p>Adequacy of blood circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of low albumin levels on plasma protein binding?

    <p>Decreased binding of drug molecules to albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of circulation in the distribution of medication?

    <p>It affects the distribution of the medication to peripheral tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of peripheral edema on the distribution of medication?

    <p>It decreases the distribution of medication to peripheral tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of albumin in plasma protein binding?

    <p>It binds to drug molecules, affecting their distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does low albumin have on plasma protein binding?

    <p>Increases the toxicity of certain medications in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of protein binding in the bloodstream?

    <p>Drugs are attached to proteins and have no effect, while free-flowing drugs cause an effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of low albumin levels in older adults?

    <p>They are more likely to experience toxicity in the blood due to certain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of protein deficient patients in pharmacology?

    <p>They are more likely to experience toxicity in the blood due to certain medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of protein binding on the distribution of medications?

    <p>It decreases the distribution of medications to the site of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>To protect the CNS from harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications would have difficulty passing through the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>Water-soluble medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the selectively permeable membrane in the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>To allow only necessary substances to pass through the barrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the blood-brain barrier that makes it difficult for medications to pass through?

    <p>Hydrophobic outer layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the woven capillary wall in the blood-brain barrier?

    <p>To protect the CNS from harmful substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ responsible for metabolizing most drugs?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can impact the metabolism of medications in elderly patients?

    <p>Decreased liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can also play a role in metabolism, in addition to the liver?

    <p>GI tract, lungs, and kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for medication administration in pregnant patients?

    <p>The medication's potential to cross the placenta and/or enter breast milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of liver diseases on medication metabolism?

    <p>Decreased metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why nitroglycerin is administered under the tongue?

    <p>To bypass the first pass effect in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a high first pass effect on a medication?

    <p>The medication is broken down too much in the liver and becomes ineffective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the intravenous route preferred for certain medications?

    <p>To avoid the first pass effect in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a medication as it passes through the liver?

    <p>It is eliminated too much to be effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the intramuscular route preferred for certain medications?

    <p>To avoid the first pass effect in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern for elderly patients in terms of drug excretion?

    <p>Decreased kidney function leading to toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of excretion for gaseous substances, such as inhaled anesthesia medications?

    <p>Lungs through exhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of bilirubin after it is excreted into the bile?

    <p>It is reabsorbed into the circulation and then excreted by the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of creatinine in relation to kidney function?

    <p>It is a measure of kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which the kidneys remove drugs from the body?

    <p>Through the kidneys and then excreted into the urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of measuring the peak plasma concentration of a drug?

    <p>To monitor for potential toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the onset and duration of action of a drug?

    <p>The onset of action is the point at which the duration of action begins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the therapeutic range of a drug?

    <p>It is the range at which the drug is most effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring bloodwork during the peak plasma concentration of a drug?

    <p>To detect potential toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines the termination of action of a drug?

    <p>Excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phase of a drug's action that involves the duration of the drug's concentration in the therapeutic range?

    <p>Duration of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the point at which the drug/plasma concentration starts to be in the therapeutic range?

    <p>Onset of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest plasma concentration of a drug, which may be in the toxic level?

    <p>Peak of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the end of a drug's action?

    <p>Termination of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of events for a drug in the body?

    <p>Onset of action, duration of action, termination of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of albuterol?

    <p>Activating smooth muscle receptors in the respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of metoprolol in the body?

    <p>Blocking the stimulation of heart by epinephrine and norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of atorvastatin on the body?

    <p>Inhibiting the enzyme that creates cholesterol, thereby lowering cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of rifampin in the body?

    <p>Activating enzymes that metabolize oral contraceptives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of drug-receptor interaction?

    <p>A drug binds to a receptor, altering cell function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of trough levels in pharmacokinetics?

    <p>It marks the lowest therapeutic concentration of a drug in the blood serum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the peak levels of a drug administered orally?

    <p>Factors that affect absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for measuring peak and trough levels of a drug?

    <p>To identify the optimal dosage schedule for a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 30-minute time point in measuring trough levels?

    <p>It is the time point when the next dose is scheduled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between peak and trough levels of a drug?

    <p>Peak levels indicate the highest concentration, while trough levels indicate the lowest therapeutic concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe an undesirable and potentially harmful drug effect that was not due to a mistake in dosage?

    <p>Nontherapeutic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a serious and life-threatening allergic reaction?

    <p>Anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when the body becomes accustomed to the effects of a particular drug and larger doses are required?

    <p>Drug tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the situation where the body interprets a drug as foreign and forms antibodies against it?

    <p>Allergic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur as a result of repeated exposure to a drug, leading to a decrease in its effectiveness?

    <p>Drug tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe a drug effect that is not intended to treat an illness?

    <p>Nontherapeutic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of effect is characterized by the risk of permanent damage or death to specific organs?

    <p>Toxic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason why elderly individuals are at risk of toxic effects?

    <p>Altered drug metabolism and elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an unusual or peculiar response to a drug that may manifest as an overresponse, underresponse, or the opposite of the expected response?

    <p>Idiosyncratic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a drug is taken in more frequently than it is excreted?

    <p>Cumulative effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are older adults more likely to experience idiosyncratic effects?

    <p>Due to erratic drug responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs with different sites of mechanism of action result in an increased effect when taken together?

    <p>Synergistic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an antagonist effect in drug interactions?

    <p>Effect less than that of each drug alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when two medications with similar pharmacologic actions are taken together?

    <p>Additive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a synergistic effect in drug interactions?

    <p>Two sedatives producing more sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug interaction in which one drug enhances the effect of another drug?

    <p>Potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of grapefruit juice on certain medications?

    <p>It increases the absorption of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can herbal or natural supplements interact with?

    <p>Drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of certain foods on medications?

    <p>They increase, decrease, delay, or prevent absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of another substance on medications?

    <p>It affects the rate and extent of drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can alter the absorption of medications?

    <p>Food, herbal supplements, and timing of meds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern when prescribing medications to older adults?

    <p>Decreased liver function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may grapefruit juice interact with certain medications?

    <p>It decreases the metabolism of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a concern when prescribing medications to individuals with different cultural beliefs?

    <p>They may not comply with the medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may medications need to be adjusted in overweight individuals?

    <p>Because they may require larger doses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a concern when prescribing medications to pregnant women?

    <p>The medication may cross the placenta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects patient compliance with drug therapy?

    <p>Patient expectations and attitudes towards drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can affect the metabolism of a drug?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary organ responsible for the breakdown of most drugs?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon where a patient's expectations of a drug's effect can influence its actual effect?

    <p>Placebo effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following environmental factors can affect the efficacy of a drug?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the excretion of a drug?

    <p>Kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the metabolism of a drug in individuals with liver disease?

    <p>Slowed metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor can increase the effectiveness of pain medications?

    <p>Quiet environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of decreased protein intake on plasma protein binding?

    <p>Decreased concentration of free drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that affects the absorption of a drug administered through the GI tract?

    <p>Pathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of thyroid disease on the metabolism of a drug?

    <p>Decreased metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of smoking and drinking on the efficacy of inhaled medications?

    <p>Decreased efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can delay the absorption of orally administered medications?

    <p>The presence of food in the stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can affect the frequency of medication administration?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consideration for medication administration in older adults?

    <p>Decreased gastric motility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of polypharmacy?

    <p>Misuse of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can affect the efficacy of medications?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can affect the efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of measuring blood drug levels in noncompliant patients?

    <p>To ensure adherence to the treatment plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drug interactions impact therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measuring peak and trough levels in therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>To ensure the drug is within the therapeutic range</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to consider patient response and tolerance in therapeutic drug monitoring?

    <p>Because it affects the drug's safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs requires regular blood level monitoring?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of monitoring vancomycin levels in patients?

    <p>To prevent toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following anticonvulsants requires regular blood level monitoring?

    <p>Phenytoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for monitoring digoxin levels in patients?

    <p>To prevent toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following immunosuppressive drugs requires regular blood level monitoring?

    <p>Tacrolimus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary condition before administering any medication?

    <p>Having a written or typed order from a licensed provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred method of receiving medication orders in non-emergency situations?

    <p>In writing or typed from a licensed provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary step when receiving verbal medication orders?

    <p>Reading back the order to the licensed provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of requiring a written or typed order for medication administration?

    <p>To prevent medication errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation would a verbal medication order be acceptable?

    <p>In an emergency situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of including the patient's COB in a medication order?

    <p>To provide an additional identifier for the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information should be included in the dosage section of a medication order?

    <p>Strength and quantity of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to include the quantity of medication in both numerical and written forms?

    <p>To reduce the risk of medication errors due to misinterpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of including the route of administration in a medication order?

    <p>It specifies how the medication should be taken or given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the signature of the prescribing provider necessary on a medication order?

    <p>To authenticate the medication order and assume responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of a drug that reduces blood pressure by decreasing plasma volume?

    <p>Diuretic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is most effective in treating angina by dilating peripheral blood vessels?

    <p>Vasodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of a calcium channel blocker?

    <p>Blocking heart calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor?

    <p>Blocking hormonal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of an antihypertensive drug that reduces blood pressure by blocking adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Adrenergic antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of administration involves the use of tablets and capsules?

    <p>Enteral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration allows for the direct delivery of medication to the veins?

    <p>Intravenous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the route of administration that involves the use of medication patches?

    <p>Transdermal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration involves the use of the gastrointestinal tract to administer medication?

    <p>Enteral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of administration involves the use of the nasal cavity to administer medication?

    <p>Nasal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'Three checks' in medication safety measures?

    <p>To verify the Right Medication, Dosage, and Route of Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'Right Reason' principle in medication administration?

    <p>It ensures the medication is appropriate for the patient's condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Right Assessment Data' principle in medication administration?

    <p>To assess the patient's response to the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'Right Documentation' principle in medication administration?

    <p>It documents the medication administration after it occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the 'Right to Education' principle in medication administration?

    <p>To educate the patient about their medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'Right to Refuse' principle in medication administration?

    <p>It allows the patient to refuse any part of their care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When preparing and administering medication, what is the most critical step to ensure patient safety?

    <p>Never leaving medications unattended</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information is required to be recorded when administering controlled substances?

    <p>Amount of the substance used and the hour it was given</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for maintaining a record of controlled substances?

    <p>To account for all controlled substances and prevent diversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is responsible for preparing, distributing, and documenting medication?

    <p>The nurse who prepares the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using a two-step identification process when administering medication?

    <p>To ensure the patient's identity and medication match</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of obtaining patient information on non-prescription medications?

    <p>To identify potential interactions with prescribed medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of asking the patient when they took their last dose of each medication?

    <p>To determine the patient's adherence to their prescribed medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of inquiring about problems the patient has experienced with taking their medications as prescribed?

    <p>To identify potential barriers to medication administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary principle of medication administration described in the text?

    <p>Preparation and administration of medications safely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of asking the patient how many days they have missed a dose of their medication in the last week?

    <p>To determine the patient's adherence to their medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of using the nursing process in medication administration?

    <p>To ensure patient safety and achievement of desired therapeutic outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing laboratory test results during medication administration?

    <p>To monitor the effectiveness of medication therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a nursing diagnosis related to medication administration?

    <p>Ineffective health maintenance related to lack of knowledge about anticoagulant medication regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of outcome identification and planning in medication administration?

    <p>Developing patient-specific goals for medication therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of maintenance of therapeutic blood levels of medication in outcome identification and planning?

    <p>It maximizes the effectiveness of medication therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the patient demonstrating knowledge regarding their medications in outcome identification and planning?

    <p>It promotes patient empowerment and self-management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of promoting safe medication administration and appropriate outcomes?

    <p>To minimize medication errors and promote positive patient outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of medications given?

    <p>To assess the clinical observation, subjective data, and objective data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recording medication administration?

    <p>To document the medication administration process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to not leave medications unattended in a patient's room?

    <p>To prevent theft or misuse of medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of offering medications separately to avoid dropping?

    <p>To prevent medication errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of developing teaching plans to meet patient needs specific to medication administration?

    <p>To promote safe medication administration and appropriate outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial aspect of medication administration that nurse educators should focus on when developing teaching plans?

    <p>Patient-specific factors affecting medication efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of including patient education on medication administration in teaching plans?

    <p>Improved patient adherence to medication regimens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration for nurse educators when developing teaching plans for patients with complex medication regimens?

    <p>Ensuring patient understanding of medication interactions and side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate outcome of developing effective teaching plans for medication administration in patient care?

    <p>Reduced risk of medication-related adverse events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug interaction occurs when two drugs are taken together, resulting in a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects?

    <p>Synergistic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a drug interaction that occurs when a drug is taken with certain foods, such as grapefruit, and alters the absorption or metabolism of the drug?

    <p>Drug-food interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug effect occurs when one drug reduces the effect of another drug?

    <p>Antagonistic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which food can affect drug absorption?

    <p>Changed bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the combination of two or more drugs that produces an effect that is less than the sum of their individual effects?

    <p>Subadditive effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of a high therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>It indicates a wide margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of a low therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>It is an indication of a narrow margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the median lethal dose (LD50) and therapeutic index (TI) of a drug?

    <p>LD50 is inversely proportional to TI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the median effective dose (ED50) in relation to the therapeutic index of a drug?

    <p>It is a measure of the drug's efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a drug with a high therapeutic index and a drug with a low therapeutic index?

    <p>Margin of safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication order is typically administered by a pre-op nurse at a specific time before surgery?

    <p>Pre-op order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication order is used to treat a life-threatening condition and requires immediate administration?

    <p>Stat order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a standing medication order?

    <p>To specify a set of orders for a particular patient or group of patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication order is used to administer a medication on a regular schedule, such as daily or twice a day?

    <p>Routine order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication order is used to administer a medication when the patient requires it, such as for pain relief or nausea?

    <p>PRN order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication order is used to administer a medication outside of the hospital, typically through an electronic prescription to the patient's pharmacy?

    <p>Prescription order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for checking the patient's blood sugar level before administering insulin?

    <p>To verify the right time of delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'right reason' in the rights of medication administration?

    <p>To determine the appropriate medication for the patient's condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of including the 'right to education' in the rights of medication administration?

    <p>To educate the patient about the medication and its potential side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for documenting medication administration after, rather than before, administration?

    <p>To accurately record the administration of the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the 'right assessment data' in the rights of medication administration?

    <p>To assess the patient's response to the medication and adjust the treatment plan as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for obtaining the patient's consent before administering medication?

    <p>To respect the patient's autonomy and right to refuse treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of labeling medicines before a procedure?

    <p>To prevent medication errors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of medication reconciliation?

    <p>To compare medications taken at home with new medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is medication reconciliation typically done?

    <p>Before a procedure, at discharge, and during transfer of patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of medication errors can be avoided through medication reconciliation?

    <p>50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of medication reconciliation?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for taking extra care with patients who take medications to thin their blood?

    <p>To prevent bleeding complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What information must be recorded when administering a controlled substance?

    <p>Name of the patient, amount of the substance used, time of administration, prescribing provider, and administering nurse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it essential to account for all controlled substances?

    <p>To prevent unauthorized access</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of countersigning discarded or 'wasted' medications?

    <p>To witness proper disposal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who should have access to controlled substances?

    <p>Authorized personnel with keys or passwords</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of proper disposal of controlled substances in Omnicell?

    <p>To prevent diversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary error that may occur due to staffing pattern deficiencies in medication administration?

    <p>Inadequate medication distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for medication errors due to lack of staff competency?

    <p>Inadequate knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common medication error that can occur due to drug distribution problems?

    <p>Wrong medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of reckless behavior in medication administration?

    <p>Patient harm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for medication errors due to missing patient information?

    <p>Inadequate patient identification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing diagnosis is related to the effects of chemotherapy on an individual's self-perception?

    <p>Disturbed body image related to effects of chemotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is experiencing anxiety related to daily self-injection of insulin. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

    <p>Anxiety related to daily self-injection of insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is having difficulty managing their medication regimen due to the complexity of the regimen, lack of motivation, and visual impairment. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

    <p>Ineffective health management of medication regimen related to adverse drug effects, cost of medications, confusion, lack of motivation, visual impairment, complexity of regimen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is experiencing constipation due to impaired swallowing oral medications. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

    <p>Constipation related to impaired swallowing oral medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient is lacking knowledge about the interactions between herbal remedies and prescribed medications. Which nursing diagnosis is most relevant in this scenario?

    <p>Deficient knowledge related to interactions between herbal remedies and prescribed medications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT typically monitored through blood drug levels?

    <p>Aspirin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring blood drug levels in patients?

    <p>To optimize therapeutic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat cardiovascular conditions?

    <p>Digoxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications requires blood drug level monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for monitoring blood drug levels in patients taking antibiotics?

    <p>To ensure optimal therapeutic response</p> Signup and view all the answers

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