WK 2: Receptors and Enzymes as Drug Targets

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What is the primary mechanism by which drugs interact with their targets?

Through intermolecular repulsion
Through ionic interactions
Through covalent bonds
Through intermolecular bonds (correct)

What is the term for specific regions within the binding site involved in binding interactions?

Active site
Binding site
Receptor site
Binding regions (correct)

What is the term for molecules that bind to receptors and produce a response?

Antagonists
Agonists (correct)
Activators
Inhibitors

What is the term for molecules that bind to enzymes, reducing their activity?

Competitive inhibitors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'lock and key' hypothesis related to?

Receptor-ligand interactions (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for molecules that bind to receptors, reducing their response?

Antagonists (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of receptors in cellular function?

To initiate changes in cellular function (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of receptors in relation to drugs?

Many drugs can bind to multiple receptors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which a receptor changes its structure in response to binding to a drug?

Induced-fit hypothesis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of protein target for drugs?

DNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in cellular function?

To convert substrates into products (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of molecular modelling in drug design?

To simulate drug binding and interactions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of an antagonist?

To block the action of an agonist (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive antagonists?

Competitive antagonists bind to the ligand binding site, while non-competitive antagonists bind to a different site (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of an irreversible antagonist on a receptor?

It forms a covalent bond to the active site (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

To transmit signals across the neuromuscular junction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of Tubocurarine on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor?

It acts as an antagonist, blocking muscle contraction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a ligand?

A molecule that binds to a receptor, eliciting a response (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of adrenergic receptors is found in adipose tissue?

b1 and b3 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of agonists on receptors?

They bind and activate receptors (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for compounds that bind to receptors but do not activate them?

Antagonists (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of agonists?

They have a structural similarity to endogenous ligands (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of binding of an agonist to a receptor?

An increase in the downstream response (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of endogenous agonists in the body?

They are naturally occurring compounds that bind to receptors (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of competitive inhibition in enzymes?

A drug acts as a substrate analogue to reversibly block the enzyme's active site (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of non-competitive inhibition on an enzyme?

The overall shape of the enzyme is altered (B) Signup and view all the answers

What type of inhibition can be both competitive and non-competitive?

Irreversible inhibition (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coenzymes in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

To convert the substrate into product (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of blocking the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase?

Decreased synthesis of cholesterol (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for drugs that bind to enzymes and reduce their activity?

Inhibitors (B) Signup and view all the answers

Drug interaction mechanism

Drugs interact with their targets primarily through intermolecular bonds.

Binding regions

Specific parts of a binding site where molecules attach.