Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary effect of a sedative on motor or mental function?
What is the primary effect of a sedative on motor or mental function?
What is the typical duration of a complete sleep cycle?
What is the typical duration of a complete sleep cycle?
What is the primary mechanism of action of diazepam?
What is the primary mechanism of action of diazepam?
What is the effect of diazepam on REM sleep?
What is the effect of diazepam on REM sleep?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of diazepam that allows for its quick entry into the CNS?
What is the characteristic of diazepam that allows for its quick entry into the CNS?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the clinical application of diazepam in anaesthesia?
What is the clinical application of diazepam in anaesthesia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of metabolism of diazepam?
What is the primary mechanism of metabolism of diazepam?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of discontinuing diazepam treatment?
What is the effect of discontinuing diazepam treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of isoflurane?
Which of the following is a characteristic of isoflurane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of propofol?
What is the primary mechanism of action of propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary use of flumazenil?
What is the primary use of flumazenil?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the onset of action of propofol?
What is the onset of action of propofol?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Sedatives and Their Effects
- Sedatives primarily depress motor and mental functions, leading to reduced anxiety, sedation, and potential cognitive impairment.
Sleep Cycle Duration
- A complete sleep cycle typically lasts around 90 to 110 minutes, with variations depending on the individual.
Diazepam Mechanism of Action
- Diazepam primarily enhances the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA at the GABA-A receptor, leading to increased inhibitory neurotransmission.
Diazepam and REM Sleep
- Diazepam often reduces the duration of REM sleep, which may affect overall sleep quality and restorative processes.
CNS Entry of Diazepam
- Diazepam's lipophilicity allows for rapid penetration into the central nervous system, enabling quick therapeutic effects.
Diazepam in Anesthesia
- Clinically, diazepam is used as a premedication to relieve anxiety and induce sedation prior to anesthesia procedures.
Diazepam Metabolism
- Diazepam is primarily metabolized in the liver through oxidation to active metabolites such as desmethyldiazepam, which prolongs its effects.
Discontinuation Effects
- Discontinuing diazepam treatment can result in withdrawal symptoms, including anxiety, tremors, and seizures, due to physiological dependence.
Isoflurane Characteristics
- Isoflurane is known for its rapid onset and offset, making it suitable for outpatient surgical procedures and anesthesia.
Propofol Mechanism of Action
- Propofol acts as a GABA-A receptor agonist, leading to sedation and anesthesia through enhanced inhibitory signals.
Flumazenil Usage
- Flumazenil is primarily used as an antidote for benzodiazepine overdose, reversing sedation and respiratory depression.
Propofol Onset of Action
- Propofol has a rapid onset of action, typically within 30 seconds, making it effective for quick sedation or induction of anesthesia.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of sedative-hypnotics and general anaesthetics, including their definitions, effects, and functions. This quiz covers the basics of pharmacology and is ideal for students of pharmacy and medicine.
