30 Questions
What is the main characteristic of general anesthesia?
Loss of consciousness, analgesia, amnesia, and skeletal muscle relaxation
Why are multiple drugs combined in balanced anesthesia?
To take advantage of individual drug properties and reduce adverse actions
What is the main purpose of anxiolytics in preanesthetic medications?
To provide sedation and amnesia
What is the main purpose of anti-cholinergics in preanesthetic medications?
To reduce bronchial and salivary secretion
What is the purpose of vasopressors in preanesthetic medications?
To prevent bradycardia and hypotension
What is the purpose of opioid analgesics in preanesthetic medications?
To provide analgesia
What is the purpose of administering morphine, fentanyl, or alfentanil 1½ hours before anesthesia?
To facilitate low potency anesthetics such as nitrous oxide
How do anesthetic agents affect GABA-A-receptor chloride channels?
They increase CL- conductance and hyperpolarize
Which of the following anesthetics is known to inhibit excitatory glutamate-gated ion channels?
Nitrous oxide
What is a unique feature of alfentanil compared to fentanyl?
Faster recovery
What is a contraindication for the use of thiopental?
Porphyria
What is a characteristic of etomidate compared to thiopental?
Larger margin between anesthetic and respiratory depressant doses
Which induction agent is preferable in cases of risk of circulatory failure?
Propofol
What is a characteristic of Ketamine anaesthesia?
Cardiovascular stimulation
Which agent is known to cause unpleasant dreams and diplopia as a side effect?
Ketamine
What is a benefit of using Propofol for induction?
Rapid and pleasant induction
Which benzodiazepine is most commonly employed as an anaesthetic adjunct?
Midazolam
What is a contraindication for the use of Ketamine?
Stroke
What is the primary purpose of using an i.v. analgesic agent in anesthesia?
To provide supplementary analgesia
Which of the following inhalation anesthetics is known to have a potent uterine relaxant effect?
Methoxyflurane
What is a potential disadvantage of using Enflurane?
Nephrotoxicity
Which of the following is a contraindication for Methoxyflurane?
Epilepsy
Which inhalation anesthetic is safe for use in children and asthmatics?
Methoxyflurane
What is a potential complication of using Methoxyflurane?
Nephrotoxicity
What is a disadvantage of isoflurane?
Pungent and respiratory irritant
What type of local anesthetics does cocaine belong to?
Esters
What is the purpose of adding vasoconstrictors to local anesthetics?
To increase the duration of action
Why should vasoconstrictors not be added to local anesthetics for hands and feet?
To avoid tissue damage and gangrene
What is the purpose of adding sodium bicarbonate to local anesthetics?
To increase the lipid solubility of the anesthetic
What is the purpose of surface anesthesia?
To treat itching caused by insect bites or irritant conditions
This quiz covers the topic of general anesthesia in pharmacology, including its characteristics, balanced anesthesia, and the use of different drugs and medications.
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