10 Questions
What is the hormone that increases with the long-term use of omeprazole in a patient with peptic ulcer?
Gastrin
Which of the following is a characteristic of achalasia?
Failure of the LES to relax
What is the likely outcome of dysplasia in the gastric region?
Gastric cancer
Which vitamin is related to NL1?
Vitamin B12
What is the columnar epithelium that replaces the normal squamous epithelium in the esophagus in Barrett's esophagus?
Columnar epithelium
What is the relationship between NL1 and H. pylori?
H. pylori is a cause of NL1
What is the relationship between NL1 and SCC?
NL1 is a precursor to SCC
What is the significance of the year 2561 in NL1?
It is a reference to a specific study or publication
What is the term for the abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) that leads to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Transient relaxation of the LES
What is the term for the nerve plexus that is intrinsic to the gastrointestinal tract and plays a key role in regulating gut motility?
Myenteric plexus
Study Notes
Peptic Ulcer
- Omeprazole increases gastrin levels.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
- Transient relaxation of LES is related to GERD.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
- GERD can lead to Barrett's esophagus, a chronic condition.
Barrett's Esophagus
- Characterized by replacement of normal squamous epithelium with columnar epithelium.
Achalasia
- Causes relaxation of the LES, leading to dysphagia.
Gut-Brain Axis
- Intrinsic myenteric plexus plays a role in gut-brain communication.
Gut Hormones
- Gastrin, motilin, and ghrelin are important hormones in the gut.
- Omeprazole increases gastrin levels.
Cancer
- Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to dysplasia and eventually gastric cancer.
Vitamin Deficiency
- Pernicious anemia can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Gut Motility
- Relaxation of the LES can lead to GERD.
Gut Nervous System
- Intrinsic myenteric plexus is part of the enteric nervous system.
- damage to the intrinsic myenteric plexus can lead to achalasia.
A patient with peptic ulcer is treated with omeprazole for 6 months. Which blood hormone level increases as a result?
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