Pharmacology Quiz on Antibiotics and Reactions

<p>Reduce the dose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penicillinase-resistant (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fosfomycin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Severe flank pain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Doxycycline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withhold the antibiotic and inform the health provider. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline can be harmful to the baby’s teeth and should be avoided. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythromycin ethylsuccinate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Treating infections caused by aerobic gram-negative bacilli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calcium gluconate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Directly causing bacterial cell death (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>30 minutes after injection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug is highly toxic to microbes while minimally harmful to the host (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is active against the broadest spectrum of gram-negative bacilli and is least vulnerable to inactivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The trough levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Producing a drug antagonist (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new infection that arises as a consequence of the treatment of a primary infection. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the rate of DNA replication within the host cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Promoting patient adherence to prescribed antibiotic regimens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To reduce the risk of severe infections and reduce toxicity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pulmonary reactions such as cough and dyspnea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In individuals with viral infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recommending an alternative antibiotic due to the potential for tendon rupture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Withhold the medication and immediately notify the prescriber of the allergy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure maximum exposure to the drug without developing resistant organisms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous ampicillin/sulbactam followed by oral amoxicillin, levofloxacin, or doxycycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor for new or worsening neurological symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciprofloxacin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of developing a yeast infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendon Rupture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations and bactericidal at high concentrations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases permeability of the fungal cell membrane. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluconazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurotoxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aluminum antacids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hepatotoxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A bactericidal medication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amphotericin B (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased levels of theophylline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemical produced by one microbe that can harm other microbes.

Any agent, natural or synthetic, that can kill or suppress microorganisms.

The ability of a drug to injure a target cell or organism without injuring other cells or organisms in contact with the target.

Drugs that are directly lethal to bacteria at clinically achievable concentrations.

Drugs that slow bacterial growth without causing cell death.

The development of resistance by organisms over time to antimicrobial drugs.

Antibiotic use promotes resistance by various mechanisms, including decreased drug concentration, drug inactivation, altered drug target structure, and production of drug antagonists.

An infection that appears during treatment for a primary infection.

Using antibiotics to prevent infection in situations like surgery, bacterial endocarditis, and neutropenia.

Matching the right antibiotic to the specific organism causing the infection.

A type of allergic reaction that can occur in some people after they are exposed to penicillin. Common symptoms include rash, diarrhea, and in the most severe cases, life-threatening anaphylaxis.

A group of antibiotics that are structurally similar to penicillin and can also cause allergic reactions in some people. Therefore, people who are allergic to penicillin should avoid cephalosporins.

A type of antibiotic known as a penicillinase-resistant penicillin. It is used to treat infections caused by bacteria that produce penicillinase, an enzyme that can break down penicillin.

Antibiotics that are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections. They work by interfering with the production of bacterial cell walls, which leads to the death of the bacteria.

A penicillin antibiotic that is combined with a substance called clavulanate to extend its antibiotic activity. This combination helps fight off a wider range of bacteria, including those that produce penicillinase.

Tetracycline is a drug that can harm the developing baby's teeth and bones.

Aminoglycosides are a class of antibiotics that target gram-negative bacteria. They can be dangerous to the ears and kidneys.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used for serious infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. It can cause hearing loss and kidney damage.

Amikacin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is effective against a wider range of gram-negative bacteria compared to other aminoglycosides. However, like other aminoglycosides it can cause hearing loss and kidney damage.

To prevent ototoxicity (hearing loss) from gentamicin, it is important to monitor the patient's kidney function.

The peak level of an antibiotic is the highest concentration in the blood after administration, while the trough level is the lowest concentration before the next dose. Monitoring these levels helps ensure the antibiotic reaches effective levels to fight infection and avoid toxicity.

Aminoglycosides are monitored using peak and trough levels to ensure effective treatment and minimize side effects. Peak levels should be high enough to kill bacteria, while trough levels should be low enough to minimize toxicity.

A type of antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs). It exerts different actions depending on concentration: low concentrations are bacteriostatic (inhibit bacterial growth) and high concentrations are bactericidal (kill bacteria).

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that disrupts DNA replication and cell division in bacteria. It's effective against a variety of organisms, but can lead to tendon rupture, especially in specific populations.

A specific fluoroquinolone that's effective against gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. It's the drug of choice for anthrax infections.

An antibiotic combination used for serious infections. Ampicillin provides activity against gram-positive bacteria, while sulbactam inhibits bacterial enzymes that inactivate penicillin.

An oral antibiotic that's a good alternative to ampicillin/sulbactam for treating infections.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that's effective against a wide range of bacteria. It's commonly used for UTIs and other infections.

A broad-spectrum antibiotic that's effective against a wide range of bacteria. It's often used for UTIs, sexually transmitted infections, and other infections.

A condition that occurs when a patient has fever, flank pain, and bacteriuria, suggesting a kidney infection.

Oral ciprofloxacin shouldn't be taken with grapefruit juice due to potential drug interactions that can raise ciprofloxacin levels and increase the risk of side effects.

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a common antibiotic used to treat C. difficile infection, a type of bacterial infection in the gut.

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal drug that binds to fungal cell membranes, increasing permeability and causing leakage of cellular components.

Azoles are a group of antifungal drugs with a broader spectrum and lower toxicity compared to amphotericin B. They can be given orally.

Itraconazole is a specific type of azole antifungal drug that inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol, a crucial component of fungal cell membranes.

Ketoconazole, another azole antifungal, is effective against various fungal infections including systemic and superficial ones. However, it comes with potential side effects.

Fluconazole also inhibits ergosterol synthesis like Itraconazole, and is used for different fungal infections, including some types of meningitis and Candida infections.

Older adults, those with myasthenia gravis, and patients taking certain drugs and foods have an increased risk of experiencing adverse effects from metronidazole.

A type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that affects the bladder, typically occurring in women of childbearing age. Symptoms include painful urination, frequent urination, and a feeling of needing to urinate urgently. It is usually treated with antibiotics like TMP/SMZ (Bactrim) or nitrofurantoin.

An infection of the kidneys that is often accompanied by fever, chills, and pain in the back or side. This condition is more common in young children, older adults, and women of childbearing age. Treatment usually involves antibiotics.

This type of UTI affects the prostate gland, causing symptoms like fever, chills, pain in the pelvic area, and difficulty urinating. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection and requires antibiotics.

A common antibiotic used to treat UTIs (uncomplicated ones). It can be taken orally and is generally well-tolerated. It works by killing bacteria that cause the infection.

Another effective antibiotic for treating UTIs, often used for uncomplicated cases. It is available in oral form and works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.