Pharmacology Quiz: Neuroleptic Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What is another term for neuroleptic drugs?

  • Anxiety reducers
  • Minor stimulants
  • Major sedatives
  • Anti-schizophrenic drugs (correct)

    • What is the main characteristic of neurosis?

  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Anxiety (correct)
  • Loss of contact with reality

    • What type of psychosis is caused by head injury, alcoholism, or drugs?

  • Schizophrenia
  • Organic psychoses (correct)
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Affective disorders

    • What is the term for a mental impression based on misinterpretation of actual experience?

    <p>Illusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of psychosis?

    <p>A mental disorder of organic or emotional origin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a false personal belief based on incorrect inference contrary to available evidence?

    <p>Delusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main metabolite of dopamine?

    <p>Homovanillic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is involved in the 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of amphetamines on the brain?

    <p>Release dopamine in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of DA antagonists on schizophrenia symptoms?

    <p>Control positive symptoms of schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is affected in schizophrenia, according to imaging studies?

    <p>Temporal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on the brain?

    <p>Produce hallucinations and sensory disturbance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of neuroleptic drugs?

    <p>Antagonist at DA D2 and/or D4 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chronic use of neuroleptic drugs on DA receptors?

    <p>Increase in DA receptors and their sensitivity to DA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate percentage of patients who experience Tardive Dyskinesia?

    <p>20-40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neuroleptic drugs has a strong anticholinergic action?

    <p>Clozapine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of neuroleptic drugs on DA cells in the VTA and substantia nigra initially?

    <p>Increase the firing of DA cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cariprazine in terms of its action on DA receptors?

    <p>Partial agonist at D3 and antagonist at 5-HT2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of neuroleptics on serum prolactin concentration?

    <p>Increase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is iloperidone not recommended for elderly patients?

    <p>Because it prolongs the QT interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the FDA-approved drug for the treatment of Tardive Dyskinesia?

    <p>Valbenazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of prolactin on breast tissue in both men and women?

    <p>Enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was cariprazine approved by the FDA?

    <p>September 2015</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main metabolic effect of atypical neuroleptic agents such as clozapine and olanzapine?

    <p>Glucose metabolism alteration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential use of neuroleptics in clinical settings?

    <p>Suppressing involuntary movement in Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential toxicity of Pimavanserin?

    <p>Increased death rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FDA-approved use of Pimavanserin?

    <p>Managing Parkinson's disease psychosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Pimavanserin?

    <p>Inverse agonist and antagonist at 5-HT2A receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year was Pimavanserin approved by the FDA?

    <p>2016</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for neuroleptics?

    <p>Antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neuroleptic Drugs

    • Another term for neuroleptic drugs is antipsychotic medications.
    • These drugs are primarily used to manage psychosis and symptoms of mental disorders.

    Neurosis

    • Main characteristic of neurosis is excessive anxiety or obsessive behavior, often resulting in distress but not a break from reality.

    Types of Psychosis

    • Psychosis caused by head injury, alcoholism, or drugs is classified as substance-induced psychotic disorder.

    Mental Impressions

    • A mental impression based on misinterpretation of actual experience is referred to as a delusion.

    Definition of Psychosis

    • Psychosis is a severe mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality, often involving hallucinations or delusions.

    False Personal Beliefs

    • A false personal belief that contradicts available evidence is known as a delusion.

    Dopamine Metabolism

    • The main metabolite of dopamine is homovanillic acid (HVA).

    Neurotransmitter in Schizophrenia

    • Serotonin (5-HT) is the neurotransmitter involved in the 5-HT hypothesis of schizophrenia.

    Effects of Amphetamines

    • Amphetamines increase dopamine release, potentially exacerbating symptoms of psychosis.

    DA Antagonists in Schizophrenia

    • Dopamine antagonists reduce schizophrenia symptoms by decreasing overactivity of dopamine pathways.

    Brain Imaging in Schizophrenia

    • Imaging studies show that the prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe may be affected in schizophrenia.

    LSD Effects on the Brain

    • Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) alters serotonin receptors, leading to intensified perceptual experiences.

    Neuroleptic Mechanism of Action

    • Neuroleptic drugs primarily act by blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain, reducing psychotic symptoms.

    Chronic Use of Neuroleptics

    • Chronic use of neuroleptic drugs can lead to upregulation of dopamine receptors, potentially worsening symptoms over time.

    Tardive Dyskinesia Prevalence

    • Approximately 20-30% of patients taking long-term neuroleptics may experience Tardive Dyskinesia.

    Anticholinergic Action

    • Among neuroleptic drugs, clozapine has a strong anticholinergic action, influencing various neurotransmitter systems.

    Initial Effects on DA Cells

    • Initially, neuroleptic drugs inhibit dopamine activity in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra.

    Cariprazine and DA Receptors

    • Cariprazine uniquely functions as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, balancing dopamine activity.

    Prolactin and Neuroleptics

    • Neuroleptic drugs can elevate serum prolactin levels, leading to side effects such as galactorrhea.

    Iloperidone and Elderly Patients

    • Iloperidone is not recommended for elderly patients due to heightened risk of cardiovascular side effects.

    FDA-Approved Tardive Dyskinesia Treatment

    • Valbenazine is an FDA-approved drug for treating Tardive Dyskinesia.

    Prolactin’s Effect on Breast Tissue

    • Elevated prolactin impacts breast tissue in both sexes, leading to hormonal imbalances and lactation issues.

    Cariprazine FDA Approval

    • Cariprazine was approved by the FDA in 2015 for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

    Metabolic Effects of Atypical Neuroleptics

    • Atypical neuroleptic agents, like clozapine and olanzapine, can lead to weight gain and metabolic syndrome.

    Clinical Use of Neuroleptics

    • Neuroleptics are used to stabilize mood and manage agitation in various psychiatric conditions.

    Pimavanserin Toxicity

    • A potential toxicity of Pimavanserin includes confusion or hallucinations in sensitive individuals.

    Pimavanserin FDA Approval

    • Pimavanserin is FDA-approved for treating Parkinson's disease psychosis.

    Characteristics of Pimavanserin

    • Pimavanserin primarily acts as a selective serotonin inverse agonist, minimizing dopamine blockade.

    Pimavanserin FDA Approval Year

    • Pimavanserin received FDA approval in 2016.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on neuroleptic drugs, including definitions, pathophysiology of schizophrenia, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and therapeutic considerations. This quiz covers the basics of neuroleptic drugs and their applications in pharmacology.

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