Pharmacology Quiz: Medications and Side Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is a common side effect associated with tricyclic antidepressants?

  • Red-brown discoloration of urine (correct)
  • Increased salivation
  • Enhanced cognitive function
  • Immediate weight gain

    • Which medication is commonly used for treating myasthenia gravis?

  • Clozapine
  • Bromocriptine
  • Selegiline
  • Neostigmine (correct)

    • Which of the following is a contraindication for certain medications discussed?

  • Young adults
  • Liver disease
  • Pregnancy (correct)
  • Mild hypertension

    • Which vitamin deficiency is mentioned as a potential concern?

    <p>Vitamin B6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of dopamine agonists?

    <p>Increased dopamine levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the medication selegiline?

    <p>Requires a tyramine-free diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of antihyperlipidemics?

    <p>Aching muscle (rhabdomyolysis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by descending muscle weakness?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long may it take for certain medications to begin working?

    <p>3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is it recommended to take antihyperlipidemics, specifically statins?

    <p>At night</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the function of anticoagulants?

    <p>They prevent blood clot formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common bleeding precaution associated with anticoagulants?

    <p>Perform regular blood tests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of carrying out a hysterectomy in patients with an incompetent cervix?

    <p>Post-operative infection risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when treating a patient with symptoms of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?

    <p>Severe hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for acute attacks of gout?

    <p>Colchicine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with akathisia?

    <p>Restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation is estrogen replacement therapy NOT indicated?

    <p>Pregnant women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of bisphosphonates therapy?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with tardive dyskinesia?

    <p>Panic attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended procedure after taking bisphosphonates?

    <p>Remain upright for 30 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments reduces uric acid levels?

    <p>Allopurinol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timing for administering methylphenidate?

    <p>Before breakfast and lunch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary items should be avoided when administering methylphenidate?

    <p>Alcohol and anchovies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential effect of digoxin toxicity?

    <p>Yellow vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential to monitor before administering digoxin?

    <p>Heart rate for one full minute</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a drug holiday refer to in the context of methylphenidate therapy?

    <p>Stopping the drug temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored to prevent hypokalemia when administering digoxin?

    <p>Potassium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antihypertensive drug is clonidine categorized under?

    <p>Central anti-adrenergic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result from combining nitroglycerin (NTG) with Viagra (Sildenafil)?

    <p>Fatal hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic difference between a Cholinergic Crisis and a Myasthenic Crisis?

    <p>Cholinergic Crisis is caused by overmedication while Myasthenic Crisis is due to undermedication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with a Cholinergic Crisis?

    <p>Hallucination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is primarily used as an antidote for a Cholinergic Crisis?

    <p>Atropine sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a decrease in dopamine levels?

    <p>Parkinson's Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination of medications is typically used to increase dopamine levels in Parkinson's Disease?

    <p>Carbidopa and levodopa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is associated with the use of dopaminergic medications?

    <p>Photosensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom indicates agranulocytosis as a major concern in medication management?

    <p>Sore throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is most likely to cause hepatotoxicity?

    <p>Chlorpromazine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with antidepressants such as Imipramine and Amitriptyline?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is specifically associated with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

    <p>Hypertensive crisis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is NOT classified as an antidepressant?

    <p>Fentanyl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering SSRIs, which of the following is a common side effect?

    <p>Sexual dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic effect is expected when using antidepressants?

    <p>Increased neurotransmitter levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients taking Lithium should be monitored for which potential issue?

    <p>Dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the effects of the SNS is correct?

    <p>It increases blood glucose levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food should be avoided when taking MAOIs due to the risk of hypertensive crisis?

    <p>Yogurt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of response types, which phrase best describes the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Rest and digest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antidepressants regarding norepinephrine and serotonin levels?

    <p>Increase levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacology

    • SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System): fight-or-flight response, dry response, ↑VS, ↑BP, RR, bronchodilation, pupil dilation, constipation, ↓GIT function
    • PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System): rest-and-digest response, wet response, ↓VS, ↓BP, RR, bronchoconstriction, pupil constriction, diarrhea, ↑GIT function
    • 2nd Line Tx for Depression: Imipramine, Amitriptyline. Side effects include sedation and cardiotoxicity (arrhythmias, prolonged QT interval). Avoid tyramine-rich foods.
    • Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): Parnate, Nardil, Marplan. Avoid foods high in tyramine to prevent hypertensive crisis.
    • Antidepressants (ADs): SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors), Tricyclic ADs. Common side effects include sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and insomnia. Some ADs can trigger SNS responses.
    • Lithium: Therapeutic level 0.6-1.2 mEq/L; side effects include polyuria, and risk of toxicity.

    Other Topics

    • Myasthenia Gravis (MG): autoimmune neuromuscular disease. Dx with Tensilon test; medication is "stigmine".
    • Cholinergic Crisis: caused by overmedication with cholinergic medication. Symptoms include excessive salivation, lacrimation, diarrhea.
    • Parkinson's Disease: deficit of dopamine. Treatment goal is to increase dopamine levels, using levodopa.
    • Osteoporosis: bone loss. Treatments include calcium + Vitamin D, estrogen replacement, calcitonin, and bisphosphonates (alendronate, ibandronate). Avoid drugs with high levels sodium. Avoid alcohol, anchovies, legumes, lentils, beer, beans, organ meats, yeast, and seafood (eg. salmon).
    • ADHD: Methylphenidate is a common treatment. May affect growth.
    • Muscle Relaxants: Carisoprodol (soma), baclofen, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol. Used for muscle spasms.
    • Digoxin: therapeutic level 0.5 - 2.0 mg/ml, used for heart failure. Monitor potassium (K) levels, as hypokalemia can trigger toxicity.
    • Gout: caused by uric acid build-up. Treatments like Allopurinol.
    • Antipsychotics (typical & atypical): Used for schizophrenia. Atypical antipsychotics have fewer extrapyramidal side effects (EPS).
    • Calcium Levels (Hypo and Hyper): critical for many bodily functions. Calcium and vitamin D are important for bone health. Avoid taking drugs containing Calcium with meals, unless specifically stated in the drug's description.
    • Fluid Imbalances: fluid levels affect the entire body. Monitor and manage appropriately.
    • Genitourinary Tract: includes kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Function in blood pressure, electrolyte activity, and waste removal.
    • Hematology: blood composition, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets.
    • Electrolyte Imbalances: sodium, potassium, etc. critical to the function of bodily processes.
    • Antihyperlipidemics (Statins): treat high cholesterol.
    • Anticoagulants: prevent blood clots; monitor blood tests (PT, PTT).
    • Antiplatelets: prevent platelet aggregation, reducing clot formation.
    • Thrombolytics: dissolve blood clots.
    • Angina: chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart. Treatment is often nitroglycerin.
    • Coronary Artery Disease: reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, often causing pain (angina). Treatment is often with medications to address cholesterol and related issues, or procedures.
    • Myocardial Infarction: heart attack (reduced blood flow causing damage to the heart muscle).
    • Congestive Heart Failure: heart's inability to effectively pump blood. Management often includes low-salt diets, digoxin, and diuretics.
    • Respiratory Disorders: conditions involving the lungs. Treatments focus on oxygenation, manage issues like pneumonia and COPD.
    • Asthma: chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Treated with inhaled steroids and bronchodilators.
    • Pneumonia: infection in the lungs. Treated with antibiotics.
    • COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease): chronic lung disease. Often includes respiratory symptoms and difficulty breathing.
    • Tuberculosis: infectious bacterial disease affecting the lungs. Often treated with multiple antibiotics.
    • Cancer: various treatment modalities exist (chemotherapy, radiation, surgery).
    • Abortion Complications: Methods and complications of abortion, as well as complications to pregnancy.
    • Fetal Heart Tones: Different methods such as Doppler ultrasound, Fetoscope & Sonogram
    • Maternal disorders: conditions affecting the pregnancy. Management focuses on maternal and fetal well-being.
    • Epiglottitis: emergency condition where the airway is blocked. Urgent medical attention required.
    • Laryngotracheobronchitis: viral infection of the upper airway, causing a barking cough and difficulty breathing.
    • Pyloric Stenosis: narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (stomach outlet). Treated by surgery.
    • Intussusception: telescoping of intestinal segments; treated surgically.
    • Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF): abnormal connection between the esophagus and trachea. Signs are choking coughing and/or cyanosis. Often treated by surgery.
    • Aganglionic Megacolon (Hirschsprung Disease): failure of nerve cells in the intestine. Treated by surgery.
    • Empyema: pus in the pleural space.
    • Hydrocephalus: excess fluid build-up in the brain.
    • Pneumothorax: air in the pleural space.
    • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): blood clot traveling to the lungs.
    • Superior Vena Cava Syndrome: Compression of the vena cava causing edema in the upper body.
    • Venous Disorders and treatments
    • Arterial Problems: causes, symptoms, and management.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various medications, their side effects, and contraindications. This quiz covers topics including tricyclic antidepressants, myasthenia gravis treatment, and anticoagulants. Dive deep into pharmacological principles and patient care practices.

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