Pharmacology: Contraindications and Adverse Effects

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is a contraindication for the use of macrolide agents?

Pregnant women

Known allergy to any macrolide

Patients with hepatic dysfunction

All of the above (correct)

What is a possible adverse effect of macrolides on the GI system?

Abdominal cramping

Diarrhea

Hypersensitivity reactions

All of the above (correct)

Why should caution be used when prescribing macrolides to lactating women?

Due to the risk of hypersensitivity reactions

Due to the risk of hepatic dysfunction

Because of the risk of anorexia

Because of drug excretion in breast milk (correct)

What is a characteristic of lincosamides compared to macrolides?

They are more toxic Signup and view all the answers

What is a drug interaction to be aware of when using lincomycin and clindamycin?

Incompatibility with both a and b Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of lincosamides?

Penetrate the cell membrane and bind to the ribosome to prevent protein production Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of minocycline in susceptible bacteria?

Inhibit protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Why is minocycline not recommended for use in children less than 8 years of age?

Risk of permanent discoloration of the teeth and damage to the bones Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking tetracyclines with oral contraceptives?

Decreased effectiveness of the oral contraceptive Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking tetracyclines with dairy products?

Decreased absorption of the tetracycline Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of minocycline on the musculoskeletal system?

Weakening of the bones and teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking penicillins with tetracyclines?

Decreased effectiveness of the penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for contraindicating these agents in patients with known allergy to sulfa drugs, sulfonylureas, and thiazide diuretics?

The agents have similar structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of these agents on the newborn if taken by lactating women?

Kernicterus, diarrhea, and rash Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not recommended to use these agents in pregnancy?

The agents can cause birth defects and kernicterus Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of these agents on the bone marrow?

Bone marrow depression Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of GI system adverse effects related to these agents?

Direct irritation of the GIT and death of normal flora Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of CNS adverse effects related to these agents?

Effects on the nerves Signup and view all the answers