Pharmacology: Contraindications and Adverse Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is a contraindication for the use of macrolide agents?

  • Pregnant women
  • Known allergy to any macrolide
  • Patients with hepatic dysfunction
  • All of the above (correct)

What is a possible adverse effect of macrolides on the GI system?

  • Abdominal cramping
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypersensitivity reactions
  • All of the above (correct)

Why should caution be used when prescribing macrolides to lactating women?

  • Due to the risk of hypersensitivity reactions
  • Due to the risk of hepatic dysfunction
  • Because of the risk of anorexia
  • Because of drug excretion in breast milk (correct)

What is a characteristic of lincosamides compared to macrolides?

<p>They are more toxic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a drug interaction to be aware of when using lincomycin and clindamycin?

<p>Incompatibility with both a and b (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of lincosamides?

<p>Penetrate the cell membrane and bind to the ribosome to prevent protein production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of minocycline in susceptible bacteria?

<p>Inhibit protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is minocycline not recommended for use in children less than 8 years of age?

<p>Risk of permanent discoloration of the teeth and damage to the bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking tetracyclines with oral contraceptives?

<p>Decreased effectiveness of the oral contraceptive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking tetracyclines with dairy products?

<p>Decreased absorption of the tetracycline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of minocycline on the musculoskeletal system?

<p>Weakening of the bones and teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of taking penicillins with tetracyclines?

<p>Decreased effectiveness of the penicillin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for contraindicating these agents in patients with known allergy to sulfa drugs, sulfonylureas, and thiazide diuretics?

<p>The agents have similar structures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of these agents on the newborn if taken by lactating women?

<p>Kernicterus, diarrhea, and rash (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it not recommended to use these agents in pregnancy?

<p>The agents can cause birth defects and kernicterus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of these agents on the bone marrow?

<p>Bone marrow depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of GI system adverse effects related to these agents?

<p>Direct irritation of the GIT and death of normal flora (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of CNS adverse effects related to these agents?

<p>Effects on the nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Macrolide Contraindication

Conditions where macrolide use is not recommended due to potential harm.

Macrolide GI Adverse Effects

Negative effects of macrolides on the gastrointestinal system like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Macrolide Lactating Women Caution

Caution is needed when prescribing macrolides to breastfeeding mothers due to potential drug excretion in breast milk.

Lincosamides vs. Macrolides

Lincosamides are generally considered more toxic than macrolides when comparing their potential side effects.

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Lincomycin/Clindamycin Interaction

Lincomycin and clindamycin can have interactions with other medications causing significant issues, so a doctor should be aware of possible incompatibilities.

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Lincosamide MOA

Lincosamides interfere with protein production by binding to ribosomes, preventing bacterial growth.

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Minocycline MOA

Minocycline inhibits protein synthesis, hindering bacterial growth.

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Minocycline Pediatric Use

Minocycline isn't recommended for children under 8 years old due to potential tooth and bone discoloration.

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Tetracyclines & Oral Contraceptives

Tetracyclines can decrease the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

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Tetracyclines & Dairy

Consuming dairy products with tetracyclines can reduce the drug's absorption.

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Minocycline Musculoskeletal Effects

Minocycline can cause weakening of bones and teeth.

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Penicillins & Tetracyclines Interaction

Taking penicillins with tetracyclines can lessen the effectiveness of the penicillins.

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Sulfa Drug Allergy Contraindication

Avoid these agents in patients with known allergies to sulfa drugs, sulfonylureas, or thiazide diuretics due to structural similarities.

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Lactating Women Agents Effect

These agents can cause potential issues, including kernicterus, diarrhea, and rashes, to the newborn when taken by lactating women.

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Pregnancy Contraindication

These agents aren't recommended during pregnancy, as they could result in birth defects and kernicterus in the developing fetus.

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Bone Marrow Depression

These agents can potentially cause bone marrow depression.

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GI Adverse Effects Cause

Gastrointestinal problems can be related to these agents causing direct irritation and killing the normal gut flora.

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CNS Adverse Effects Mechanism

These agents may directly affect the nerves, resulting in potential CNS adverse effects.

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