Pharmacology Quiz: Mechanisms and Drug Characteristics
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Questions and Answers

Which amino acid is known for interrupting alpha helical protein secondary structures?

  • Alanine
  • Proline (correct)
  • Serine
  • Glycine

    • What type of chemical interaction stabilizes alpha helical protein secondary structures?

  • Hydrogen bonding (correct)
  • Ionic bonds
  • Hydrophobic interactions
  • Disulfide bridges

    • Bortezomib, an FDA-approved drug for Mantle Cell Lymphoma, acts by inhibiting which cellular process?

  • Translation
  • Proteasome (correct)
  • Transcription
  • DNA replication

    • Which of the following vitamins is classified as an antioxidant?

    <p>Vitamin E (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins is essential for neurotransmitter biosynthesis?

    <p>Vitamin B6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?

    <p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics like chloroprocaine?

    <p>Sodium channel inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Phase II metabolism reaction?

    <p>Conjugation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction results in the formation of a carboxylic acid from an aldehyde?

    <p>Oxidation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the removal of phosphate groups from amino acids?

    <p>Phosphatase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Fluorouracil is clinically effective as an anti-cancer drug?

    <p>Inhibits thymidylate synthase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood in a healthy human?

    <p>7.38-7.42 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do Sulphonamides target to selectively inhibit bacterial growth?

    <p>Dihydropteroate synthetase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which organelle does the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, debris, and whole organelles occur?

    <p>Lysosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant protein found in human plasma that binds to acidic and neutral drugs?

    <p>Albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cytoskeletal component does Keratin belong to?

    <p>Intermediate filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process regulates the cellular uptake of Low-density Lipoprotein?

    <p>Endocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Warfarin in plasma?

    <p>Unbinds drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of delivering Pilocarpine as a prodrug at acidic pH?

    <p>Activates tear secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for making molecules more water-soluble during metabolism in the smooth ER?

    <p>Cytochrome P450 enzymes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for molecules that accept H+ ions from solutions?

    <p>Bases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is used to treat heartburn by inhibiting proton pumps?

    <p>Nexium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results from the misfolding of proteins in the Endoplasmic Reticulum?

    <p>Endoplasmic Stress (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which organelle does cellular respiration produce ATP?

    <p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal ratio of [H2CO3]:[HCO3-] in the blood?

    <p>1:20 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticancer drugs bind to β-tubulin subunits and stabilize, preventing disassembly?

    <p>Taxanes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histones in regulating gene expression?

    <p>Organizing and compacting DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Erythropoietin' is synthesized using which technology?

    <p>Recombinant Technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Plasmids' are small circular DNA molecules that carry genes. What is their property related to replication?

    <p>'Plasmids' can be replicated and transcribed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes allows drugs to pass into a cell through a bilayer membrane?

    <p>Active transport (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason why Fluorouracil is clinically effective as an anti-cancer drug?

    <p>It inhibits thymidylate synthase, reducing dTMP levels and leading to cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH range of blood in a healthy human?

    <p>7.38-7.42 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant protein in human plasma that binds to acidic and neutral drugs?

    <p>Albumin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fraction of Warfarin is unbound in plasma?

    <p>1% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Pilocarpine delivered as a prodrug at acidic pH?

    <p>To target its activity to the eye where the tear secretion is at pH 7.4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytoskeletal component does Keratin belong to?

    <p>Intermediate filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process regulates the cellular uptake of Low-density Lipoprotein?

    <p>Endocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, debris, and whole organelles occur?

    <p>Lysosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the metabolism of alcohol, drugs, or natural compounds to make molecules more water-soluble carried out?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme do Sulphonamides target to selectively inhibit bacterial growth?

    <p>Dihydropteroate synthase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Topoisomerase Type I in DNA replication?

    <p>Cleaves one DNA strand and rotates the other strand around before resealing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is abundant in the structure of collagen?

    <p>Hydroxyproline and Hydroxylysine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of bioactive amino acids?

    <p>They are usually found as L-isomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic?

    <p>Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the first step in the process of translation?

    <p>The ribosome (large and small subunit) assembles around the mRNA molecule (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common characteristic of essential amino acids?

    <p>They are required to be obtained through the diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which covalent bond is involved in the stabilization of protein tertiary structure?

    <p>Disulfide bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used to treat heartburn by inhibiting proton pumps?

    <p>Nexium (Esomeprazole) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation in the context of drug stability?

    <p>To calculate the ratio of a weak acid to its conjugate base (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following processes allows drugs to pass into a cell through a bilayer membrane?

    <p>Diffusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is required for the formation of beta-turn protein secondary structures?

    <p>Glycine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin deficiency is commonly known as Scurvy?

    <p>Vitamin C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of vitamins are considered to be fat-soluble?

    <p>Vitamins A, D, E, K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for local anesthetics like chloroprocaine?

    <p>Inhibition of sodium channels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final version of a functional enzyme, including its cofactors, called?

    <p>Holoenzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is also known as Riboflavin?

    <p>Vitamin B2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vitamins would not lead to Hypervitaminosis if excessively administered?

    <p>Vitamin C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical group in the structure of Glutathione mediates its potent antioxidant role?

    <p>Thiol group (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cellular compartment are Cytochrome P450 enzymes commonly found?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum of liver cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of xenobiotic metabolism?

    <p>To make molecules more hydrophilic for elimination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical interaction stabilizes alpha helices?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the cellular uptake of Low-density Lipoprotein regulated?

    <p>Phagocytosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid has the tendency to interrupt alpha helical protein secondary structures?

    <p>Proline (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, debris, and whole organelles?

    <p>Lysosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of chaperones in protein folding?

    <p>Assist in protein folding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target of Sulphonamides to selectively inhibit bacterial growth?

    <p>Dihydropteroate synthetase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond stabilizes the tertiary structure of proteins?

    <p>Disulfide bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metabolic reactions are dependent on Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?

    <p>Neurotransmitter biosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deficiency commonly known as if an individual lacks Vitamin C?

    <p>Scurvy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is Fluorouracil considered clinically effective in cancer treatment?

    <p>Inhibiting thymidylate synthase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of the pH in a healthy human blood dropping below 7.38?

    <p>Acidosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of compounds are considered to be antioxidants, such as Vitamin E?

    <p>Fat-soluble vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Adenine and Thymine interact with each other in DNA?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Holoenzyme' refers to what in the context of enzyme structure?

    <p>Final active form of an enzyme with cofactors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Acetyl CoA' requires which compound to be synthesized for its formation?

    <p>'Coenzyme A' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Riboflavin' is also known as which Vitamin?

    <p>'Vitamin B2' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Cytochrome P450 enzymes' are commonly found in which compartment of a cell?

    <p>'Smooth ER of liver cells' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermolecular force causes nonpolar molecules to aggregate in water?

    <p>Hydrophobic forces (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal ratio of $[H_2CO_3]:[HCO_3^-]$ in human blood?

    <p>1:20 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs inhibits the activity of proton pumps to treat heartburn?

    <p>Proton pump inhibitors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stress occurs due to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>ER stress (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cellular process produces ATP molecules?

    <p>Cellular respiration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histones in regulating gene expression?

    <p>Organize and compact DNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a segment of DNA that encodes for a polypeptide chain or RNA molecule?

    <p>Gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of solution is capable of resisting pH changes when a strong acid or base is added?

    <p>Buffer solution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular process allows drugs to pass through a bilayer membrane?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are small circular DNA molecules that carry genes and can be replicated and transcribed?

    <p>Plasmids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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