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Questions and Answers
What is a common adverse reaction associated with Sulfasalazine?
What is a common adverse reaction associated with Sulfasalazine?
Which medication has the desired effect of improvement in Parkinson's motor symptoms?
Which medication has the desired effect of improvement in Parkinson's motor symptoms?
Which of the following interactions can reduce the efficacy of Levodopa?
Which of the following interactions can reduce the efficacy of Levodopa?
What is a major adverse reaction associated with Omeprazole?
What is a major adverse reaction associated with Omeprazole?
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What desired effect does Guaifenesin achieve?
What desired effect does Guaifenesin achieve?
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Which medication is associated with sedation as one of its adverse reactions?
Which medication is associated with sedation as one of its adverse reactions?
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Which interaction may lead to increased toxicity when taking Methotrexate?
Which interaction may lead to increased toxicity when taking Methotrexate?
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What is the desired effect of Beclomethasone?
What is the desired effect of Beclomethasone?
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What is the primary desired effect of Metformin?
What is the primary desired effect of Metformin?
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Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with Isophane Insulin (NPH)?
Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with Isophane Insulin (NPH)?
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Which combination of medications significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia?
Which combination of medications significantly increases the risk of hypoglycemia?
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What serious condition can result from an overdose of Synthroid (Levothyroxine)?
What serious condition can result from an overdose of Synthroid (Levothyroxine)?
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Which medication is primarily used for long-acting blood sugar control in diabetes?
Which medication is primarily used for long-acting blood sugar control in diabetes?
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Which of the following drugs interacts with calcium, reducing its absorption?
Which of the following drugs interacts with calcium, reducing its absorption?
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What is a key drug interaction with Lithium?
What is a key drug interaction with Lithium?
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What is the primary effect of Furosemide in patients with heart failure?
What is the primary effect of Furosemide in patients with heart failure?
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Which adverse reaction is specific to Spironolactone?
Which adverse reaction is specific to Spironolactone?
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Which condition is effectively treated with Allopurinol?
Which condition is effectively treated with Allopurinol?
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What is the most serious adverse effect of Morphine?
What is the most serious adverse effect of Morphine?
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Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
Ketorolac is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
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Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?
Which of the following is a glucocorticoid?
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What is the mechanism of action of Sulfasalazine?
What is the mechanism of action of Sulfasalazine?
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Which drug is utilized in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis?
Which drug is utilized in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis?
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What is the primary adverse effect of Omeprazole?
What is the primary adverse effect of Omeprazole?
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What is the primary function of isotretinoin?
What is the primary function of isotretinoin?
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Which of the following medications is used for emergency bronchospasm relief?
Which of the following medications is used for emergency bronchospasm relief?
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What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K?
What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K?
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What is the expected effect of sodium and water excretion in medications?
What is the expected effect of sodium and water excretion in medications?
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What complication is associated with lactic acidosis?
What complication is associated with lactic acidosis?
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What should be the nurse's priority action for a patient taking Digoxin with a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L?
What should be the nurse's priority action for a patient taking Digoxin with a potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L?
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When should a diabetic patient on NPH insulin monitor for hypoglycemia based on the insulin's peak action?
When should a diabetic patient on NPH insulin monitor for hypoglycemia based on the insulin's peak action?
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What action should the nurse take for a patient on Warfarin with an INR of 5.0?
What action should the nurse take for a patient on Warfarin with an INR of 5.0?
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What recommendation should the nurse make for a patient experiencing dry skin after using Benzoyl Peroxide?
What recommendation should the nurse make for a patient experiencing dry skin after using Benzoyl Peroxide?
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Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning for a patient starting on Spironolactone?
Which electrolyte imbalance is most concerning for a patient starting on Spironolactone?
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What action should the nurse take for a patient experiencing ringing in the ears after starting Aspirin?
What action should the nurse take for a patient experiencing ringing in the ears after starting Aspirin?
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Which lab test should be ordered for a patient on Amiodarone with reports of fatigue and cold intolerance?
Which lab test should be ordered for a patient on Amiodarone with reports of fatigue and cold intolerance?
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What is the likely cause of muscle pain and difficulty breathing in a patient taking Metformin?
What is the likely cause of muscle pain and difficulty breathing in a patient taking Metformin?
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What is the desired effect of digoxin?
What is the desired effect of digoxin?
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Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of lisinopril?
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of lisinopril?
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What is a significant interaction that can increase toxicity risk with digoxin?
What is a significant interaction that can increase toxicity risk with digoxin?
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What effect does metoprolol have on heart rate?
What effect does metoprolol have on heart rate?
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What is a common adverse reaction associated with nitroglycerin?
What is a common adverse reaction associated with nitroglycerin?
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Which interaction is known to reduce the effectiveness of lisinopril?
Which interaction is known to reduce the effectiveness of lisinopril?
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Which adverse reaction is a concern with warfarin?
Which adverse reaction is a concern with warfarin?
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What potential risk is increased when aspirin is taken with further anticoagulants?
What potential risk is increased when aspirin is taken with further anticoagulants?
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Study Notes
Neurological/Psychiatric Medications
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Amitriptyline:
- Desired effect: Relieves depression, chronic pain, and insomnia
- Adverse reactions: Sedation, dry mouth, weight gain, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmias, suicidal ideation
- Interactions: MAOIs (hypertensive crisis), CNS depressants (enhanced sedation), anticholinergics (increased side effects)
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Phenytoin:
- Desired effect: Prevents and controls seizures
- Adverse reactions: Gingival hyperplasia, ataxia, nystagmus, rash, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- Interactions: Decreased efficacy of oral contraceptives and warfarin; additive CNS depression with sedatives
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Amantadine:
- Desired effect: Relieves Parkinson's symptoms (rigidity, tremor); antiviral effects in influenza
- Adverse reactions: Dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, livedo reticularis (mottled skin)
- Interactions: Increased CNS side effects with anticholinergics; reduced efficacy with antipsychotics
-
Lithium:
- Desired effect: Stabilizes mood in bipolar disorder
- Adverse reactions: Tremor, hypothyroidism, polyuria, nephrotoxicity, toxicity signs (nausea, confusion, seizures)
- Interactions: NSAIDs and diuretics (increased lithium levels); ACE inhibitors (toxicity risk)
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Allopurinol:
- Desired effect: Reduces uric acid levels in gout and prevents uric acid nephropathy
- Adverse reactions: Rash, nausea, hepatotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, bone marrow suppression
- Interactions: Increased toxicity of azathioprine and warfarin; decreased efficacy with aluminum hydroxide
Pain Management Medications
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Morphine:
- Desired effect: Relief of severe pain
- Adverse reactions: Respiratory depression, constipation, sedation, addiction risk, hypotension
- Interactions: Additive sedation with benzodiazepines, alcohol, and CNS depressants
-
Acetaminophen:
- Desired effect: Reduction of pain and fever
- Adverse reactions: Hepatotoxicity (in overdose), rash, renal toxicity (chronic use)
- Interactions: Increased hepatotoxicity with alcohol; affects warfarin metabolism
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Ketorolac:
- Desired effect: Relief of moderate to severe pain
- Adverse reactions: GI bleeding, nephrotoxicity, prolonged bleeding time
- Interactions: Additive GI risk with aspirin and corticosteroids; reduced efficacy with diuretics
-
Sulfasalazine:
- Desired effect: Reduction of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis or ulcerative colitis
- Adverse reactions: Rash, GI upset, bone marrow suppression, hepatotoxicity
- Interactions: Reduced absorption with iron supplements; increased methotrexate toxicity
-
Levodopa:
- Desired effect: Improvement in Parkinson's motor symptoms.
Other Medications
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Prochlorperazine:
- Desired effect: Relief of nausea and vomiting.
- Adverse reactions: Extrapyramidal symptoms, sedation, dry mouth, hypotension
- Interactions: Additive CNS depression with alcohol, sedatives; increased QT prolongation risk with antiarrhythmics.
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Docusate:
- Desired effect: Relief of constipation.
- Adverse reactions: Abdominal cramping, diarrhea
- Interactions: Increased absorption of mineral oil (risk of toxicity).
-
Omeprazole/Pantoprazole/Famotidine:
- Desired effect: Reduction of gastric acid secretion to treat GERD, ulcers.
- Adverse reactions: Headache, diarrhea, risk of osteoporosis (long-term use), C. difficile infection
- Interactions: Reduced absorption of antifungals and iron; increased diazepam and warfarin levels.
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Albuterol:
- Desired effect: Bronchodilation in asthma/COPD.
- Adverse reactions: Tachycardia, tremors, nervousness, palpitations
- Interactions: Increased cardiovascular effects with beta-blockers; additive stimulation with MAOIs.
-
Beclomethasone:
- Desired effect: Reduction of airway inflammation in asthma
- Adverse reactions: Thrush, hoarseness, growth suppression (children).
-
Guaifenesin:
- Desired effect: Thinning of mucus for productive coughs
- Adverse reactions: Nausea, dizziness, rash
- Interactions: No significant interactions reported
-
Theophylline:
- Desired effect: Bronchodilation in chronic asthma/COPD
- Adverse reactions: Tachycardia, seizures, GI upset
- Interactions:Increased toxicity with ciprofloxacin; reduced levels with phenobarbital
-
Cetirizine:
- Desired effect: Relief of allergy symptoms
- Adverse reactions: Drowsiness, dry mouth
- Interactions: Additive sedation with alcohol and other antihistamines.
-
Amphotericin B:
- Desired effect: Treatment of severe fungal infections
- Adverse reactions: Nephrotoxicity, infusion reactions (fever, chills), hypokalemia
- Interactions: Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides and cyclosporine.
-
Penicillin/Ceftriaxone:
- Desired effect: Eradication of bacterial infections
- Adverse reactions: Allergic reactions, diarrhea, superinfection (e.g., C. difficile)
- Interactions: Reduced efficacy with tetracyclines; increased bleeding risk with anticoagulants
-
Nystatin:
- Desired effect: Treatment of candidiasis
-
Prednisone:
- Desired effect: Suppression of inflammation and immune response
- Adverse reactions: Hyperglycemia, weight gain, hypertension, osteoporosis
- Interactions: Increased risk of GI bleeding with NSAIDs; reduced efficacy with antidiabetic drugs.)
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Vancomycin:
- Desired effect: Treatment of severe bacterial infections (e.g., MRSA)
- Adverse reactions: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, “red man syndrome”
- Interactions: Increased toxicity with aminoglycosides
-
Tetracycline:
- Desired effect: Treatment of bacterial infections
- Adverse reactions: Photosensitivity, GI upset, discoloration of teeth (children)
- Interactions: Reduced efficacy with antacids, iron supplements; increased warfarin effect
-
Timolol:
- Desired effect: Reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma
- Adverse reactions: Burning/stinging in the eye, bradycardia, hypotension (systemically)
- Interactions: Additive bradycardia with calcium channel blockers or digoxin; antagonism with beta-adrenergic agonists (e.g., albuterol).
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Permethrin:
- Desired effect: Kills lice and their eggs
- Adverse reactions: Local skin irritation (itching, redness, burning), scalp irritation or temporary hair dryness.
- Interactions: No significant drug-drug interactions
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Pyrethrin with Piperonyl Butoxide:
- Desired effect: Disrupts nerve function in lice, leading to paralysis and death
- Adverse reactions: Skin irritation, redness, or swelling
- Interactions: Enhanced irritation when combined with other topical treatments.
-
Benzoyl Peroxide:
- Desired effect: Reduction of acne lesions
- Adverse reactions: Skin irritation, dryness, redness, peeling
- Interactions: Increased irritation with other topical retinoids or acne treatments
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Topical Glucocorticoids:
- Desired effect: Reduction of inflammation and itching
- Adverse effects: Not specified
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Isotretinoin:
- Desired effect: Reduce severe acne by decreasing sebaceous gland activity
- Adverse reactions: Dry skin, mucous membranes, teratogenic effects, depression, hepatotoxicity
- Interactions: Increased risk of toxicity with tetracyclines (pseudotumor cerebri); additive dryness with other acne treatments.
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Isophane (NPH) Insulin
- Desired effect: Intermediate-acting blood sugar control
- Adverse reactions: Hypoglycemia, injection site reactions, lipodystrophy
- Interactions: Hypoglycemia risk with beta-blockers, sulfonylureas; hyperglycemia with corticosteroids, diuretics.
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Glargine Insulin
- Desired effect: Long-acting blood sugar control.
- Adverse reactions: Hypoglycemia,injection site reactions
- Interactions: Same as NPH insulin
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Metformin:
- Desired effect: Reduction of hepatic glucose production, insulin resistance type 2 diabetes
- Adverse Reactions: GI upset, lactic acidosis (rare) vitamin B12 deficiency
- Interactions: Increased risk of lactic acidosis with alcohol; reduced efficacy with corticosteroids.
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Synthroid (Levothyroxine)
- Desired effect: Replacement of thyroid hormone in hypothyroidism
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Humulin R:
- Desired effect: Short-acting blood sugar control in diabetes.
- Adverse reactions: Hypoglycemia, weight gain, lipodystrophy.
- Interactions: Same as NPH insulin.
-
Amiodarone:
- Desired effect: Treatment of arrhythmias by prolonging the cardiac action potential.
- Adverse reactions: Pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity
- Interactions: Increased risk of bradycardia with beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers; increased warfarin and digoxin levels.
-
Spironolactone:
- Desired effect: Diuresis and potassium sparing in heart failure or hypertension
- Adverse reactions: Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia, menstrual irregularities
- Interactions: Increased hyperkalemia risk with ACE inhibitors, ARBs, or potassium supplements.
-
Furosemide:
- Desired effect: Diuresis and reduction of fluid overload.
- Adverse reactions: Hypokalemia, dehydration, ototoxicity, hypotension
- Interactions: Increased toxicity of aminoglycosides; reduced diuretic efficacy with NSAIDs.
-
Digoxin:
- Desired effect: Increased cardiac contractility and rate control in atrial fibrillation/heart failure
- Adverse reactions: Toxicity (nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, visual disturbances), arrhythmias
- Interactions: Increased toxicity risk with amiodarone, diuretics (hypokalemia), and verapamil.
-
Lisinopril:
- Desired effect: Reduction of blood pressure and heart failure symptoms.
- Adverse reactions: Hyperkalemia, dry cough, angioedema.
- Interactions: Increased hyperkalemia risk with potassium supplements or spironolactone; reduced antihypertensive effect with NSAIDs.
-
Metoprolol:
- Desired effect: Reduced heart rate and blood pressure.
- Adverse reactions: Bradycardia, fatigue, depression, hypotension
- Interactions: Additive bradycardia with digoxin or diltiazem; masked hypoglycemia symptoms with insulin.
-
Nitroglycerin:
- Desired effect: Relief of chest pain by dilating coronary arteries.
- Adverse reactions: Headache, hypotension, reflex tachycardia
- Interactions: Severe hypotension with PDE5 inhibitors.
-
Warfarin:
- Desired effect: Prevention of thromboembolism by inhibiting vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.
- Adverse reactions: Bleeding, bruising, purple toe syndrome
- Interactions: Increased bleeding risk with NSAIDs, antibiotics, and amiodarone; reduced efficacy with vitamin K-rich foods.
-
Aspirin:
- Desired effect: Reduction of platelet aggregation to prevent clots; pain relief.
- Adverse reactions: GI bleeding, tinnitus (high doses), Reye's syndrome (in children).
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Description
Test your knowledge on pharmacology with this quiz, focusing on common adverse reactions, drug interactions, and desired effects of various medications. Perfect for students studying pharmacology or healthcare professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.
