Pharmacology Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between drug action and drug effects?

  • Drug action refers to the nonspecific effects of a drug, while drug effects refer to the specific effects of a drug.
  • Drug action and drug effects are synonymous terms that describe the overall impact of a drug on the body.
  • Drug action refers to the therapeutic or side effects that result from drug administration, while drug effects refer to the chemical changes that occur in the body when a drug is administered.
  • Drug action refers to the chemical changes that occur in the body when a drug is administered, while drug effects refer to the therapeutic or side effects that result from drug action. (correct)

What are placebo and nocebo effects?

  • Placebo and nocebo effects are synonymous terms that describe the overall impact of a treatment on a patient.
  • Placebo effects refer to the negative side effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the positive therapeutic effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment.
  • Placebo effects refer to the nonspecific effects of a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the specific effects of a treatment.
  • Placebo effects refer to the positive therapeutic effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the negative side effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment. (correct)

Why is the placebo control important in a double-blind experimental design?

  • The placebo control helps to minimize bias and isolate the specific effects of the treatment being tested. (correct)
  • The placebo control helps to maximize bias and enhance the overall effects of the treatment being tested.
  • The placebo control is used to compare the effects of different treatments.
  • The placebo control is not important in a double-blind experimental design.

Which factors interact to determine drug bioavailability?

<p>Absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major routes of drug administration?

<p>Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of drug bioavailability?

<p>The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a placebo control in a double-blind experimental design?

<p>To ensure blinding of the participants and researchers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'pharmacodynamics'?

<p>The study of drug interactions with specific receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of oral drug administration?

<p>Precise dosage control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between therapeutic effects and side effects of a drug?

<p>Therapeutic effects are desired effects, while side effects are undesired effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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