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Pharmacology Principles

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the difference between drug action and drug effects?

Drug action refers to the nonspecific effects of a drug, while drug effects refer to the specific effects of a drug.

Drug action and drug effects are synonymous terms that describe the overall impact of a drug on the body.

Drug action refers to the therapeutic or side effects that result from drug administration, while drug effects refer to the chemical changes that occur in the body when a drug is administered.

Drug action refers to the chemical changes that occur in the body when a drug is administered, while drug effects refer to the therapeutic or side effects that result from drug action. (correct)

What are placebo and nocebo effects?

Placebo and nocebo effects are synonymous terms that describe the overall impact of a treatment on a patient.

Placebo effects refer to the negative side effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the positive therapeutic effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment.

Placebo effects refer to the nonspecific effects of a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the specific effects of a treatment.

Placebo effects refer to the positive therapeutic effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment, while nocebo effects refer to the negative side effects that occur when a patient believes they are receiving a treatment. (correct)

Why is the placebo control important in a double-blind experimental design?

The placebo control helps to minimize bias and isolate the specific effects of the treatment being tested. (correct)

The placebo control helps to maximize bias and enhance the overall effects of the treatment being tested.

The placebo control is used to compare the effects of different treatments.

The placebo control is not important in a double-blind experimental design.

Which factors interact to determine drug bioavailability?

Absorption, distribution, biotransformation, and excretion. Signup and view all the answers

What are the major routes of drug administration?

Oral, intravenous, intramuscular, topical. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of drug bioavailability?

The amount of drug that reaches the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a placebo control in a double-blind experimental design?

To ensure blinding of the participants and researchers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'pharmacodynamics'?

The study of drug interactions with specific receptors Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of oral drug administration?

Precise dosage control Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between therapeutic effects and side effects of a drug?

Therapeutic effects are desired effects, while side effects are undesired effects Signup and view all the answers