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What does potency refer to in the context of drug administration?
What does potency refer to in the context of drug administration?
- The absorption of the drug in the small intestine
- The capacity of a drug to produce an effect
- The elimination of salt and water through urine
- The amount of drug needed to produce an effect (correct)
Which route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?
Which route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?
- Sublingual or Buccal
- Rectal
- Inhalation
- Oral (Per Os) (correct)
What does efficacy refer to in the context of drug administration?
What does efficacy refer to in the context of drug administration?
- The capacity of a drug to produce an effect (correct)
- The amount of drug needed to produce an effect
- The absorption of the drug in the small intestine
- The elimination of salt and water through urine
Which route of administration is commonly used for volatile substances?
Which route of administration is commonly used for volatile substances?
When is rectal administration of a drug useful?
When is rectal administration of a drug useful?
What factor does not necessarily mean that one drug is preferable to another?
What factor does not necessarily mean that one drug is preferable to another?
Which route of administration allows for drug delivery directly into the body, providing rapid and precise delivery?
Which route of administration allows for drug delivery directly into the body, providing rapid and precise delivery?
What is the main mode of action of aciclovir?
What is the main mode of action of aciclovir?
Which receptor type is targeted by drugs like benzodiazepines for sedation and anxiolysis?
Which receptor type is targeted by drugs like benzodiazepines for sedation and anxiolysis?
What is the main function of melatonin in the body?
What is the main function of melatonin in the body?
In what type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?
In what type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?
Which type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?
Which type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?
What is the main route of administration for volatile and gaseous substances?
What is the main route of administration for volatile and gaseous substances?
Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?
Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?
Which term refers to a drug's capacity to produce an effect, such as lowering blood pressure?
Which term refers to a drug's capacity to produce an effect, such as lowering blood pressure?
In what type of administration is the drug absorbed in the small intestine and subject to first-pass metabolism?
In what type of administration is the drug absorbed in the small intestine and subject to first-pass metabolism?
What route of administration allows for direct absorption into the systemic circulation by keeping the drug in contact with the oral mucosa?
What route of administration allows for direct absorption into the systemic circulation by keeping the drug in contact with the oral mucosa?
Which type of administration is useful when oral administration is not possible and the drug is administered through the anus?
Which type of administration is useful when oral administration is not possible and the drug is administered through the anus?
Which type of administration involves application to epithelial surfaces such as skin, cornea, vagina, and nasal mucosa?
Which type of administration involves application to epithelial surfaces such as skin, cornea, vagina, and nasal mucosa?
Which route of administration commonly involves administering drugs via the lungs and is commonly used for volatile substances?
Which route of administration commonly involves administering drugs via the lungs and is commonly used for volatile substances?
Which route of administration is particularly effective against certain viruses, including herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?
Which route of administration is particularly effective against certain viruses, including herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?
Which receptor type in the brain is targeted by melatonin for regulating sleep?
Which receptor type in the brain is targeted by melatonin for regulating sleep?
What is the mode of action of drugs like benzodiazepines for causing sedation and anxiolysis?
What is the mode of action of drugs like benzodiazepines for causing sedation and anxiolysis?
In which type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?
In which type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?
Which route of administration involves direct administration into the body, allowing for rapid and precise drug delivery?
Which route of administration involves direct administration into the body, allowing for rapid and precise drug delivery?
What is the main function of melatonin in the body?
What is the main function of melatonin in the body?
Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?
Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?
What is the mode of action of aciclovir in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis?
What is the mode of action of aciclovir in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis?
What type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?
What type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?
What route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?
What route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?
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Study Notes
- Potency and efficacy: Concepts related to drug administration.
- Potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce an effect.
- Efficacy is a drug's capacity to produce an effect.
- Greater potency or efficacy does not necessarily make a drug preferable due to side effects, toxicity, duration of effect, and cost.
- Routes of drug administration:
- Oral: Swallowed and absorbed in the small intestine, subject to first-pass metabolism.
- Sublingual or buccal: Drug kept in contact with oral mucosa for direct absorption.
- Rectal: Administered through the anus, useful when oral administration is not possible.
- Topical and cutaneous: Applied to epithelial surfaces for local effects with potential for systemic absorption.
- Inhalation: Administered via lungs, commonly used for volatile substances.
- Injection: Direct administration into the body for rapid and precise drug delivery.
- Oromucosal administration: Drug absorption directly from the oral cavity, avoiding first-pass metabolism.
- Rectal administration: Useful for patients unable to take medication orally.
- Eye drops: Administered for local effects within the eye, with some systemic absorption.
- Cutaneous administration: Applied to the skin for local effects with potential for systemic absorption.
- Transdermal dosage forms: Drug is delivered steadily through a patch applied to the skin.
- Inhalation: Used for volatile and gaseous substances, with the lungs serving as the route of administration and elimination.
- Intravenous injection: Fastest and most certain route, providing immediate systemic availability.
- Intravenous infusion: Delivers a continuous and controlled drug concentration.
- Subcutaneous implantation: Achieves slow and continuous absorption.
- GABA receptors: Types and characteristics.
- GABAa receptors: Ligand-gated ion channels, mainly postsynaptic, mediate fast and tonic inhibition.
- Drugs like benzodiazepines act on GABAa, causing sedation and anxiolysis.
- GABAb receptors: G protein–coupled, found pre- and postsynaptically, targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment, antagonists are experimental.
- Aciclovir: Use and mode of action.
- Antiviral drug belonging to the Class III reactions category.
- Acts by targeting viral DNA polymerase, preventing replication of viral DNA.
- Effective against herpes simplex viruses and varicella-zoster virus.
- Melatonin: Use and mode of action.
- Synthesized in the pineal gland.
- Regulates sleep through MT1 and MT2 receptors in the brain.
- Agonists at these receptors induce sleep and possess antidepressant properties.
- Used in treating insomnia in the elderly, autistic children, and totally blind individuals.
- Tamoxifen: Use and mode of action.
- Anti-estrogen medication.
- Selectively blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue.
- Used as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
- Can also be used for ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer.
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