Pharmacology: Potency and Efficacy Administration Concepts
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What does potency refer to in the context of drug administration?

  • The absorption of the drug in the small intestine
  • The capacity of a drug to produce an effect
  • The elimination of salt and water through urine
  • The amount of drug needed to produce an effect (correct)

    • Which route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?

  • Sublingual or Buccal
  • Rectal
  • Inhalation
  • Oral (Per Os) (correct)

    • What does efficacy refer to in the context of drug administration?

  • The capacity of a drug to produce an effect (correct)
  • The amount of drug needed to produce an effect
  • The absorption of the drug in the small intestine
  • The elimination of salt and water through urine

    • Which route of administration is commonly used for volatile substances?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is rectal administration of a drug useful?

    <p>When oral administration is not possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does not necessarily mean that one drug is preferable to another?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration allows for drug delivery directly into the body, providing rapid and precise delivery?

    <p>Intravenous Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mode of action of aciclovir?

    <p>Inhibiting viral DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is targeted by drugs like benzodiazepines for sedation and anxiolysis?

    <p>GABAa receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of melatonin in the body?

    <p>Regulates sleep patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?

    <p>Elderly individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?

    <p>Rectal Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main route of administration for volatile and gaseous substances?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?

    <p>GABAb receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a drug's capacity to produce an effect, such as lowering blood pressure?

    <p>Efficacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of administration is the drug absorbed in the small intestine and subject to first-pass metabolism?

    <p>Oral administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What route of administration allows for direct absorption into the systemic circulation by keeping the drug in contact with the oral mucosa?

    <p>Sublingual or Buccal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of administration is useful when oral administration is not possible and the drug is administered through the anus?

    <p>Rectal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of administration involves application to epithelial surfaces such as skin, cornea, vagina, and nasal mucosa?

    <p>Topical and Cutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration commonly involves administering drugs via the lungs and is commonly used for volatile substances?

    <p>Inhalation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is particularly effective against certain viruses, including herpes simplex viruses (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)?

    <p>Eye Drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type in the brain is targeted by melatonin for regulating sleep?

    <p>MT1 and MT2 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of drugs like benzodiazepines for causing sedation and anxiolysis?

    <p>Agonism at GABAa receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of patients is melatonin commonly used for treating insomnia?

    <p>Autistic children and totally blind individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration involves direct administration into the body, allowing for rapid and precise drug delivery?

    <p>Intrathecal Injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of melatonin in the body?

    <p>Inducing sleep and treating insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment?

    <p>GABAb receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of aciclovir in inhibiting viral DNA synthesis?

    <p>Inhibition of viral DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of administration is useful when patients are unable to take medication orally?

    <p>Rectal Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What route of administration is subject to first-pass metabolism?

    <p>Oromucosal Administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Potency and efficacy: Concepts related to drug administration.
      • Potency refers to the amount of drug needed to produce an effect.
      • Efficacy is a drug's capacity to produce an effect.
      • Greater potency or efficacy does not necessarily make a drug preferable due to side effects, toxicity, duration of effect, and cost.
    • Routes of drug administration:
      • Oral: Swallowed and absorbed in the small intestine, subject to first-pass metabolism.
      • Sublingual or buccal: Drug kept in contact with oral mucosa for direct absorption.
      • Rectal: Administered through the anus, useful when oral administration is not possible.
      • Topical and cutaneous: Applied to epithelial surfaces for local effects with potential for systemic absorption.
      • Inhalation: Administered via lungs, commonly used for volatile substances.
      • Injection: Direct administration into the body for rapid and precise drug delivery.
      • Oromucosal administration: Drug absorption directly from the oral cavity, avoiding first-pass metabolism.
      • Rectal administration: Useful for patients unable to take medication orally.
      • Eye drops: Administered for local effects within the eye, with some systemic absorption.
      • Cutaneous administration: Applied to the skin for local effects with potential for systemic absorption.
      • Transdermal dosage forms: Drug is delivered steadily through a patch applied to the skin.
      • Inhalation: Used for volatile and gaseous substances, with the lungs serving as the route of administration and elimination.
      • Intravenous injection: Fastest and most certain route, providing immediate systemic availability.
      • Intravenous infusion: Delivers a continuous and controlled drug concentration.
      • Subcutaneous implantation: Achieves slow and continuous absorption.
    • GABA receptors: Types and characteristics.
      • GABAa receptors: Ligand-gated ion channels, mainly postsynaptic, mediate fast and tonic inhibition.
      • Drugs like benzodiazepines act on GABAa, causing sedation and anxiolysis.
      • GABAb receptors: G protein–coupled, found pre- and postsynaptically, targeted by Baclofen for spasticity treatment, antagonists are experimental.
    • Aciclovir: Use and mode of action.
      • Antiviral drug belonging to the Class III reactions category.
      • Acts by targeting viral DNA polymerase, preventing replication of viral DNA.
      • Effective against herpes simplex viruses and varicella-zoster virus.
    • Melatonin: Use and mode of action.
      • Synthesized in the pineal gland.
      • Regulates sleep through MT1 and MT2 receptors in the brain.
      • Agonists at these receptors induce sleep and possess antidepressant properties.
      • Used in treating insomnia in the elderly, autistic children, and totally blind individuals.
    • Tamoxifen: Use and mode of action.
      • Anti-estrogen medication.
      • Selectively blocks estrogen receptors in breast tissue.
      • Used as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
      • Can also be used for ovarian cancer and metastatic breast cancer.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of potency and efficacy in drug administration, including the different routes of drug potency and efficacy. It discusses the amount of drug needed to produce an effect and a drug's capacity to produce an effect, using examples to illustrate the concepts.

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