Pituitary and Thyroid Hormones
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Questions and Answers

What is an important function of the hypothalamus?

  • Releasing nerve impulses
  • Producing thyroid hormones
  • Connecting the nervous system with the endocrine system (correct)
  • Regulating growth hormone
  • How do hormones of the anterior pituitary act on target tissues?

  • By secreting neuropeptides
  • By traveling through the bloodstream
  • By binding to specific receptor sites (correct)
  • By directly affecting nerve impulses
  • What is the role of neuropeptides in regulating anterior pituitary hormones?

  • Inhibiting hormone production
  • Activating nerve cells
  • Regulating hormone secretion (correct)
  • Initiating nerve impulses
  • How do hormones differ from nerve impulses in terms of response time?

    <p>Hormones have a broader range of response time than nerve impulses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of growth hormone (somatotropin)?

    <p>Acting on target tissues by binding to specific receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system does the hypothalamus connect with via the pituitary gland?

    <p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ACTH?

    <p>Stimulating the rate-limiting step in adrenocorticosteroid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does ACTH concentration typically reach its peak?

    <p>Early morning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What suppresses the release of ACTH?

    <p>Cortisol via negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is corticotropin mainly used to differentiate between?

    <p>Primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred synthetic form of ACTH for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency?

    <p>Cosyntropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which conditions is ACTH also used as a treatment?

    <p>Infantile spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatostatin?

    <p>Inhibiting release of various hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which synthetic analogs of somatostatin are mentioned in the text?

    <p>Octreotide and lanreotide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of octreotide and lanreotide?

    <p>Treatment of acromegaly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effect is associated with octreotide according to the text?

    <p>Delayed gallbladder emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are gonadotropins (FSH and LH) produced?

    <p>Anterior pituitary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of menotropins?

    <p>Urine of postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

    <p>Trapping of iodide from the circulation into thyroid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the coupling of iodide with tyrosine?

    <p>Peroxidase enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary form of thyroid hormone that enters the nucleus and attaches to specific receptors?

    <p>Thyroxine (T4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are both T3 and T4 metabolized in the liver?

    <p>Metabolized by cytochrome p-450 enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein in the plasma binds most circulating T3 and T4?

    <p>Thyroxine-binding globulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What governs the generation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

    <p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of prolactin?

    <p>Stimulate and maintain lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is excreted in the urine of pregnant women?

    <p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome be described?

    <p>Life-threatening enlargement of the ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for the growth and maturation of follicles in infertile women?

    <p>Menotropin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of Urofollitropin?

    <p>Postmenopausal women</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method of administration for both hCG and choriogonadotropin alfa?

    <p>Intramuscular injection (IM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major toxicities associated with vasopressin use?

    <p>Vertigo and water intoxication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor does vasopressin bind to in the kidney to increase water permeability and reabsorption?

    <p>V2 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major use of vasopressin in clinical practice?

    <p>Treating diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which analog of vasopressin is preferred for the treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis due to its minimal pressor effects?

    <p>Desmopressin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor mediates other effects of vasopressin in the liver and vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>V1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

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