Pituitary and Thyroid Hormones
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Questions and Answers

What is an important function of the hypothalamus?

  • Releasing nerve impulses
  • Producing thyroid hormones
  • Connecting the nervous system with the endocrine system (correct)
  • Regulating growth hormone

How do hormones of the anterior pituitary act on target tissues?

  • By secreting neuropeptides
  • By traveling through the bloodstream
  • By binding to specific receptor sites (correct)
  • By directly affecting nerve impulses

What is the role of neuropeptides in regulating anterior pituitary hormones?

  • Inhibiting hormone production
  • Activating nerve cells
  • Regulating hormone secretion (correct)
  • Initiating nerve impulses

How do hormones differ from nerve impulses in terms of response time?

<p>Hormones have a broader range of response time than nerve impulses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of growth hormone (somatotropin)?

<p>Acting on target tissues by binding to specific receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system does the hypothalamus connect with via the pituitary gland?

<p>Nervous system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ACTH?

<p>Stimulating the rate-limiting step in adrenocorticosteroid synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does ACTH concentration typically reach its peak?

<p>Early morning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What suppresses the release of ACTH?

<p>Cortisol via negative feedback (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is corticotropin mainly used to differentiate between?

<p>Primary adrenal insufficiency and secondary adrenal insufficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred synthetic form of ACTH for diagnosing adrenal insufficiency?

<p>Cosyntropin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which conditions is ACTH also used as a treatment?

<p>Infantile spasms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of somatostatin?

<p>Inhibiting release of various hormones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which synthetic analogs of somatostatin are mentioned in the text?

<p>Octreotide and lanreotide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of octreotide and lanreotide?

<p>Treatment of acromegaly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adverse effect is associated with octreotide according to the text?

<p>Delayed gallbladder emptying (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are gonadotropins (FSH and LH) produced?

<p>Anterior pituitary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of menotropins?

<p>Urine of postmenopausal women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the synthesis of thyroid hormones?

<p>Trapping of iodide from the circulation into thyroid cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the coupling of iodide with tyrosine?

<p>Peroxidase enzyme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary form of thyroid hormone that enters the nucleus and attaches to specific receptors?

<p>Thyroxine (T4) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are both T3 and T4 metabolized in the liver?

<p>Metabolized by cytochrome p-450 enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein in the plasma binds most circulating T3 and T4?

<p>Thyroxine-binding globulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What governs the generation of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)?

<p>Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of prolactin?

<p>Stimulate and maintain lactation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is excreted in the urine of pregnant women?

<p>Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome be described?

<p>Life-threatening enlargement of the ovaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for the growth and maturation of follicles in infertile women?

<p>Menotropin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Urofollitropin?

<p>Postmenopausal women (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the method of administration for both hCG and choriogonadotropin alfa?

<p>Intramuscular injection (IM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major toxicities associated with vasopressin use?

<p>Vertigo and water intoxication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor does vasopressin bind to in the kidney to increase water permeability and reabsorption?

<p>V2 receptor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major use of vasopressin in clinical practice?

<p>Treating diabetes insipidus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analog of vasopressin is preferred for the treatment of diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis due to its minimal pressor effects?

<p>Desmopressin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor mediates other effects of vasopressin in the liver and vascular smooth muscle?

<p>V1 receptor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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