Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics of Drugs

Endocytosis involves the engulfment of a drug molecule by the cell membrane, transporting it into the cell by pinching off the drug-filled vesicle.

The pH affects the equilibrium between the charged and uncharged forms of the drug, thus influencing which form can permeate the membrane.

Saturation kinetics refers to the process where the rate of drug transport by a carrier reaches a maximum as all binding sites become occupied.

<p>The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation helps determine the ratio of charged to uncharged forms of a drug, which affects its permeability and absorption across membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uncharged drug forms are more lipid-soluble and can diffuse more easily through lipid membranes compared to charged forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main stages of pharmacokinetics are absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Passive diffusion allows drugs to move across cell membranes from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration without using energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitated diffusion involves specialized carrier proteins that transport drugs from high to low concentration areas without requiring energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver metabolizes drugs, transforming them into active or inactive compounds through various enzymatic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport is driven by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), requiring energy to move drugs against their concentration gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The elimination phase involves the removal of drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily through urine, bile, or feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipid solubility is significant because it enhances a drug's ability to diffuse across biological membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug distribution is characterized by the reversible movement of drugs from the bloodstream into interstitial and intracellular fluids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A process where molecules move from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration, requiring energy. This often involves carrier proteins, which have a limited number of binding sites, resulting in 'saturation kinetics'.

A process involving the engulfment of large molecules by the cell membrane, forming a vesicle that transports them into the cell.

The ability of a drug to pass through cell membranes is influenced by its ionization state, which is dependent on the drug's pKa and the pH of the environment.

Weak acids are more easily absorbed in environments with a higher pH, while weak bases are more easily absorbed in environments with a lower pH.

The equation that helps to determine the relative amounts of a drug in its charged and uncharged forms, which influences its permeability through membranes.

The transfer of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.

The movement of a drug from a region of high concentration to one of lower concentration across a membrane.

The movement of drugs across cell membranes with the help of specialized carrier proteins.

The reversible movement of a drug from the bloodstream into other body compartments.

The breakdown of a drug by the liver, kidney, or other tissues.

The removal of a drug and its metabolites from the body via urine, bile, or feces.

The study of how drugs interact with the body to produce their effects.