Pharmacology Patient Management Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main topic being discussed?

  • Contraindications for certain medications. (correct)
  • The different types of medications for erectile dysfunction.
  • The treatment of heart disease.
  • The symptoms of erectile dysfunction.

Which of the following conditions is NOT mentioned as a contraindication for the medications listed?

  • Diabetes (correct)
  • Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
  • Myocardial infarction (MI)
  • Kidney disease

What does "hx" stand for in the table?

  • hospital
  • healthcare
  • hypothetical
  • history (correct)

What is a potential contraindication for the medications listed?

<p>Breastfeeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term "Erectile dysfunction" refer to?

<p>The inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a factor to monitor for when managing a patient?

<p>Monitor urine output and bowel pattern (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential concern when managing a patient?

<p>Constipation management (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an aspect of routine follow-up labs?

<p>Anticipate routine f/u lab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a factor in sun protection?

<p>Sun protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a measure for sun protection?

<p>Sunscreen, long sleeves, hats, etc. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of monitoring and assessment for EPS/TD/NMS?

<p>Anticipate routine f/u lab (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal or purpose of the provided content?

<p>To provide a comprehensive overview of patient care, including monitoring and assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a factor in managing a patient?

<p>Physical therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant caution regarding prescribing medications described in the provided content?

<p>Prescribing to pregnant women. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient group should be carefully considered before prescribing the medication?

<p>Patients with liver impairment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what history in a patient's medical background might lead to a contraindication?

<p>A history of alcoholism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition in a patient is listed as a reason to avoid prescribing the medication?

<p>Severe depression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which age group is prescribing described as something to avoid?

<p>Children under 2 years old. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following side effects are NOT explicitly indicated in the content?

<p>Heart palpitations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on this information, what is one kind of assessment binge eating may guide?

<p>Mental health assessments. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific type of ideation should prompt caution when considering prescribing this medication?

<p>Suicidal ideation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of visual disturbance listed in the provided content?

<p>Diplopia. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What specific concern is associated with prescribing this medication in patients?

<p>Central Nervous System activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What class of medication does fluoxetine belong to?

<p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is fluoxetine commonly used to treat?

<p>Major depressive disorder (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the safety precautions to consider when prescribing fluoxetine?

<p>Assessment for suicidal ideation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What side effect can fluoxetine potentially cause?

<p>Insomnia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mental health disorders can fluoxetine be prescribed for?

<p>PTSD and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of toothbrush is recommended for diligent oral hygiene?

<p>Soft bristle toothbrush (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What routine is suggested alongside diligent oral hygiene?

<p>Regular dental follow-up (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should not be done abruptly during patient teaching about oral hygiene?

<p>Discontinue oral hygiene practices suddenly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of patient teaching mentioned in the content?

<p>Diligent oral hygiene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of diligent oral hygiene?

<p>Using a soft bristle toothbrush (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should patients undergo dental follow-ups according to standard recommendations?

<p>Every six months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What material should be used for the toothbrush to ensure gentle brushing?

<p>Soft bristles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is discouraged in terms of practice continuity for oral hygiene?

<p>Abruptly discontinuing practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the safety precautions mentioned for monitoring?

<p>Assessing for blurred vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is listed as a contraindication?

<p>Post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect should be assessed for suicidal ideation?

<p>Dysfunction in thought processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored alongside blood pressure (BP)?

<p>Heart rate (HR) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT mentioned as a safety precaution?

<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient teaching aspect is emphasized?

<p>Understanding medication side effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect associated with the monitored conditions?

<p>Blurred vision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is part of the patient assessment for condition monitoring?

<p>Assessing erectile dysfunction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Diligent oral hygiene

Consistent and careful practice of cleaning teeth and mouth.

Soft bristle toothbrush

A type of toothbrush designed to be gentle on gums while effectively cleaning teeth.

Routine dental follow-up

Scheduled visits to the dentist for regular check-ups and maintenance of oral health.

Patient teaching

Educating patients about their health and dental care routines to promote better outcomes.

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Continuity in dental care

The practice of maintaining regular dental appointments without sudden interruptions.

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Oral hygiene routine

A set plan for regular habits to maintain oral health, including brushing and flossing.

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Importance of dental f/u

Regular follow-up is key to preventing dental issues and maintaining health.

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Abrupt discontinuation

Sudden stop of medication or dental routine, which can negatively affect health.

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CNS Depression

A condition where the central nervous system's activity is reduced, leading to decreased mental and physical function.

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Suicidal Ideation

The occurrence of thoughts about ending one's own life or plans to do so.

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Diplopia

A medical term for double vision, where a person sees two images of one object.

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Contraindications in Prescribing

Conditions or factors that serve as reasons to withhold a certain medical treatment.

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Avoid Prescribing in Pregnancy

The guideline that suggests certain medications should not be given to pregnant women due to risk factors.

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Liver Impairment Risks

The concerns related to prescribing medications in patients with compromised liver function, as their ability to metabolize drugs may be less effective.

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History of Alcoholism

A background of alcohol abuse that may impact treatment options and medication safety.

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Severe Depression

A mental health condition characterized by overwhelming sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in life.

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Children under 2 Years

A demographic group requiring careful consideration when prescribing medications due to their vulnerability.

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Assessment Guidelines

Protocols that help healthcare providers evaluate patients' mental health status and risks effectively.

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Routine Follow-Up for EPS/TD/NMS

Regular monitoring and assessment procedures for patients to check for expected side effects of medications like EPS, TD, or NMS.

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Sun Protection Methods

Strategies to protect skin from sun damage, including sunscreen and protective clothing.

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Urine Output Monitoring

The process of tracking the volume and frequency of urine produced by a patient.

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Bowel Pattern Assessment

Evaluating a patient's bowel habits to identify normal vs. abnormal patterns.

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Constipation Management

Strategies to alleviate constipation, including diet and medications.

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Routine Monitoring

Scheduled assessments to ensure ongoing patient safety and health status.

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Assessment for Side Effects

Evaluating patients to detect adverse reactions to medications, especially anti-psychotics.

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Physical Assessments for Patients

Evaluations of a patient's physical condition to detect health changes.

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SSRIs

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors are a class of drugs used to treat depression and anxiety by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

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Fluoxetine

Fluoxetine is a type of SSRI used to treat major depressive disorder, OCD, and panic disorders.

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Drowsiness

Drowsiness is a common side effect of many medications, including SSRIs, causing excessive sleepiness.

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Safety Precautions

Safety precautions involve evaluating risk factors and monitoring patients for side effects when prescribing medication like SSRIs.

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Erectile Dysfunction

A condition where a man is unable to achieve or maintain an erection suitable for sexual intercourse.

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Contraindications

Situations or conditions where a treatment or medication should not be used due to potential harm.

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Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A medical term for a heart attack, occurring when blood flow to the heart is blocked.

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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Commonly known as a stroke, it occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted.

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Glaucoma

An eye condition that leads to damage of the optic nerve, often related to high eye pressure.

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Anxiety

A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about an imminent event or something with an uncertain outcome.

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Dysrhythmia

An abnormality in the rhythm of the heartbeat, which can lead to various health issues.

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GI Upset

Discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract resulting in symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

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Blurred Vision

A visual impairment where objects appear unclear or out of focus, often caused by various factors.

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Cautions in Medication

Important considerations and warnings to follow when prescribing medications to avoid harmful effects.

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Study Notes

CNS Stimulant Drugs

  • Action: Increased availability of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, improves attention and focus.
  • Examples: Methylphenidate
  • Indications: Narcolepsy, ADHD
  • Adverse Reactions: Tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, seizures, growth suppression.
  • Side Effects: Insomnia, anorexia, dry mouth, irritability, transient weight loss (children), tremors, dizziness, hepatotoxicity.
  • Nursing Implications & Patient Education: Monitor sleep, neuro function, height/weight, VS, EKG, and LFTs. Caution in children under 6, individuals with cardiac history, anxiety, glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, hepatotoxicity, or seizures. Avoid ETOH, caffeine, and other CNS stimulants. Do not discontinue abruptly. Take in the morning, at least 6 hours before bedtime. Monitor BP and HR, report palpitations. Avoid driving if dizzy/tremors. May need “drug holiday” (pediatrics).

Valproate

  • Action: Suppresses sodium influx, depressing brain excitability.
  • Examples: Valproic acid
  • Indications: Seizures, Bipolar disorder, Migraine prevention.
  • Adverse Reactions: Hepatotoxicity, respiratory depression, hypotension/bradycardia, coma, dependence/tolerance, blood dyscrasias (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia/agranulocytosis).
  • Side Effects: Drowsiness, sleep disturbances, GI upset, dizziness.
  • Nursing Implications & Patient Education: Monitor serum levels, CBC, and liver function tests (LFTs). Avoid in pregnant women, those with liver impairment, history of alcoholism, severe depression, or children under 2. Avoid ETOH and other CNS depressants. Notify prescriber of pregnancy. Use contraception if of childbearing age. Do not discontinue abruptly. Wear medical alert bracelet. Report changes in mood or suicidal thoughts. Avoid ASA, NSAIDs, and "5Gs". Report excessive bruising and bleeding, do not drive.

Barbiturate Drugs

  • Action: Enhances GABA activity, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, leading to CNS depression.
  • Examples: Phenobarbital
  • Indications: Seizures, status epilepticus
  • Adverse Reactions: Respiratory depression, hypotension/bradycardia, coma, dependence/tolerance, blood dyscrasias (thrombocytopenia, leukopenia/agranulocytosis), hyperglycemia, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, suicidal ideation.
  • Side Effects: Drowsiness, sleep disturbances, GI upset, dizziness, diplopia, confusion.
  • Nursing Implications & Patient Education: Do not drive. Do not discontinue abruptly. Avoid ETOH or other CNS depressants. Change positions slowly. Take at bedtime. Plan for travel. Prevent dependence. Wear medical alert bracelet. Monitor vitals and level of consciousness (LOC). High doses can lead to coma. Available IV. May need vitamin/nutritional supplementation.

Hydantoin Drugs

  • Action: Inhibits sodium influx, stabilizes cell membranes, reduces neuronal firing, limits seizures.
  • Examples: Phenytoin
  • Indications: Tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures.
  • Adverse Reactions: Hepatotoxicity, blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis, neutropenia), suicidal ideation, thrombocytopenia (inhibits Vitamin K).
  • Side Effects: Drowsiness, confusion, gingival hyperplasia, depression, urine discoloration.
  • Nursing Implications & Patient Education: Monitor serum levels, CBC, signs of toxicity (increased sedation, nystagmus, ataxia, vision changes). Do not drive. Do not discontinue abruptly. Avoid ETOH or other CNS depressants. Monitor for bleeding and bruising. Pregnancy prevention. Report changes in skin. Take as directed at the same time daily. Wear medical alert bracelet. Plan for travel. Anticipate lab monitoring, routine appointments, and vitamin supplementation. Monitor for signs of infection.

Miscellaneous Antiseizure Drugs

  • Action: Varies depending on the specific drug.
  • Adverse Reactions: Suicidal ideation, drowsiness, dizziness, headache, behavioral changes, GI upset, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, DRESS.
  • Nursing Implications & Patient Education: Monitor for suicidal ideation. Safety precautions. Avoid other CNS depressants. Monitor renal function, potentially decrease dose with impaired renal function. Take with food to reduce GI upset. Report changes in skin or facial edema. Report muscle pain or discomfort. Limit ETOH and other CNS depressants.

Non-Phenothiazine Antipsychotic Drugs

  • Action: Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain
  • Examples: Haloperidol
  • Indication: Psychosis, schizophrenia
  • Adverse Reactions: Blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis, neutropenia), blood glucose changes, EPS, NMS.
  • Side Effects: Extrapyramidal syndrome/Tardive dyskinesia, GI upset, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction, headaches

Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs

  • Action: Blocks serotonin and specific dopamine receptors.
  • Examples: Aripiprazole
  • Indication: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression
  • Adverse Reactions: Blood dyscrasia (agranulocytosis, neutropenia), hyperglycemia.
  • Side Effects Dry mouth, vision changes, weight changes, drowsiness.

Tricyclic Mood Stabilizers

  • Action: Blocks uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
  • Examples: Amitriptyline
  • Indications: Depression, anxiety, neuropathic pain, insomnia
  • Adverse Reactions: Orthostatic hypotension, seizures, EPS, NMS.
  • Side Effects Anticholinergic effects (blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention), GI upset, drowsiness.

Lithium Mood Stabilizers

  • Action: Alters sodium transport, increases receptor sensitivity to serotonin.
  • Examples: Lithium
  • Indication: Bipolar disorders, manic episodes, seizures
  • Adverse Reactions: Nephrotoxicity, SJS, suicidal ideation, dysrhythmias.
  • Side Effects: Blurred vision, memory impairment, thirst, tremors, persistent nausea/vomiting/diarrhea, edema.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

  • Action: Blocks serotonin reuptake.
  • Examples: Fluoxetine
  • Indication: Depression, panic disorders
  • Adverse Reactions: Suicidal ideation, hypoglycemia, hypotension, dysrhythmias, tachycardia, hypertension, seizures, angioedema.
  • Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, insomnia, headaches, weight changes, sexual dysfunction

Miscellaneous Antidepressants

  • Action: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin.
  • Examples: Trazodone, duloxetine
  • Indication: Depression, anxiety.
  • Adverse Reactions: Suicidal ideation, dysrhythmias, orthostatic hypotension.
  • Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, GI upset, blurred vision, insomnia, weight changes, sexual dysfunction.

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