Pharmacology Overview Quiz

The initial phase of drug action where the drug is transformed into a solution for absorption by the gastrointestinal tract.

The process of drug movement throughout the body to achieve its intended action.

The movement of drug particles from the GI tract into the bloodstream.

The portion of a drug that reaches the systemic circulation and can exert its effects.

The process by which a drug spreads throughout the body's fluids and tissues.

The breakdown of drugs into inactive metabolites, primarily by the liver.

The elimination of drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily by the kidneys.

Drugs that mimic the action of a natural substance by binding to a receptor and triggering a response.

Drugs that block the action of a natural substance by binding to a receptor and preventing a response.

Drugs that affect multiple receptors or multiple sites within the body.

Drugs that affect multiple types of receptors within the body.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half.

A measure of how well the kidneys are filtering waste products from the blood.

The highest concentration of a drug in the body after administration.

The lowest concentration of a drug in the body between doses.

The initial dose of a drug given to quickly reach a therapeutic level.

A class of medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. They work by suppressing the immune system to reduce inflammation in the joints.

A type of DMARD that works by suppressing the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and can also be used to suppress inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

DMARDs like Etanercept, Infliximab, and Adalimumab that block TNF, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, from attaching to its receptors on synovial cells, thereby reducing inflammation.

DMARDs that disrupt the inflammatory process and delay disease progression. They are a type of immunosuppressant that can predispose patients to infections.

A type of DMARD that works by reducing inflammation and pain associated with rheumatoid arthritis. They are often used in combination with other medications.

The process of how a drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

When two or more drugs combined result in a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.

When two or more drugs combined reduce the effect of each other or one drug cancels out the effect of the other.

When two or more drugs combined have an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects.

When two or more drugs combined can cause unexpected and potentially dangerous reactions.

A systematic approach to patient care that involves assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

Information gathered directly from the patient, such as their symptoms, feelings, and concerns.

Information gathered through observation and examination, such as vital signs, physical findings, and laboratory results.

A statement that identifies a health problem that the nurse can address.

A specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) statement that describes what the patient will achieve.

The five rights of medication administration ensure safe medication delivery. They include the right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right documentation, right assessment, right to education, right evaluation, and the right to refuse.

Factors that modify drug response include absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, age, body weight, toxicity, pharmacogenetics, route of administration, time of administration, emotional factors, preexisting disease state, drug history, tolerance, cumulative effect, drug-drug interaction, and drug-food interaction.

Pharmacokinetics refers to the movement of drugs within the body. It involves four main processes: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Pharmacodynamics describes the effects of drugs on the body and how they work at a cellular level.

National Patient Safety Goals aim to reduce preventable medical errors. They focus on areas like medication safety, timely reporting of critical results, and safe labeling.

Culture of Safety refers to an environment where healthcare professionals are encouraged to report errors and near misses without fear of blame, leading to improved patient safety.

Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are readily available without a prescription. However, they can pose risks if not used responsibly, leading to potential for overdose or masking of symptoms.

Geriatric Pharmacology focuses on medication use in older adults, considering their unique physiological changes, increased risk of polypharmacy, and potential for medication interactions.

Barriers to effective medication use in older adults include multiple medications, knowledge deficits, memory impairment, impaired mobility, sensory deficits, cost concerns, and side effects or adverse reactions.

Ethnopharmacology investigates the influence of ethnicity and culture on drug response and effectiveness. It considers genetic variations and cultural practices that affect medication use.