10 Questions
Which of the following physiological changes occur in children due to the administration of tetracyclines?
Permanent teeth staining
Which physiological change may result from the administration of corticosteroids in children?
Growth and development retardation
What physiological change may occur in the elderly (> 60 yrs) due to reduced mesenteric blood flow?
Intestinal motility decline
What age group requires special consideration due to the decline in renal and hepatic function?
Elderly (> 60 yrs)
Which physiological change may be caused by antihistaminics in children?
Hyperactivity
What is a potential physiological effect of sulfonamides in infants?
Hyperbilirubinemia and kernicterus
What is a potential physiological effect of tetracyclines in children?
Permanent teeth staining
What is a potential physiological effect of corticosteroids in children?
Growth and development retardation
What is a potential physiological effect of antihistaminics in children?
Hyperactivity
What physiological change may occur in the elderly (> 60 yrs) due to reduced mesenteric blood flow?
Decline in renal and hepatic function
Study Notes
Physiological Factors
- Age is a physiological factor that affects drug action, with dose prescription based on body surface area, which is around 1.7-1.8/m2.
- In children, the dose is calculated by dividing the child's body surface area in m2 by 1.7, then multiplying by the adult dose.
- Newborns require a decreased drug dosage due to:
- Inadequate gastric acid secretion, affecting GIT absorption (e.g., ampicillin and amoxicillin)
- Deficient liver microsomal enzymes (glucuronyl transferase), leading to drug accumulation and potentially Grey baby syndrome (e.g., chloramphenicol)
- Less plasma protein binding
- Inadequate GFR and tubular secretions
- Immaturity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Other Physiological Factors
- Sex is a physiological factor that affects drug action.
- Pregnancy is a physiological factor that affects drug action.
- Plasma protein binding affects drug action and is influenced by body weight.
- Lactation is a physiological factor that affects drug action.
- Food intake affects drug action.
- Allergy is a physiological factor that affects drug action.
Test your knowledge of the factors that modify the action of drugs with this quiz. Explore physiological, pathological, genetic, and environmental factors, as well as drug interactions. Dive into topics like age, sex, pregnancy, plasma protein binding, body weight, allergies, and more.
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