Questions and Answers
What does pharmacodynamics primarily study?
What aspect of drug interaction does pharmacokinetics cover?
Which term describes the use of drugs to manage disorders and improve clinical outcomes?
What discipline studies the relationship between people and drugs on a population level?
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Which field focuses on the study of plant-derived medicines?
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What does pharmacognosy primarily involve?
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Which of the following is a disadvantage of oral drug administration?
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Which drug source is NOT included in the categorization of plant-derived drugs?
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What is a significant advantage of sublingual drug administration?
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What does toxicology specifically study?
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Study Notes
Academic Integrity and Attendance Policy
- Academic integrity violations can result in penalties up to an F for the course after consultation.
- Students must maintain 100% attendance but need a minimum of 80% to sit for examinations.
- Late entry is allowed up to 10 minutes; after that, attendance is canceled.
- Laptops are required for assignments, group discussions, and quizzes.
- Late assignments incur a 20% deduction and no submissions are accepted the following day.
Learning Outcomes
- Understand the basic concepts of drugs and their interactions with human body systems.
Pharmacology Overview
- Pharmacology is derived from "pharmakon" (drug/medicine) and "logos" (study/science).
Terminology in Pharmacology
- Generic Name: Universal name, derived from chemical name (e.g., Aspirin from Acetylsalicylic acid).
- Brand Name: Company-specific name, can be patented or generic (e.g., Amoxicillin as Amoxyl).
- Pharmacotherapeutics: Use of drugs for clinical management of disorders.
- Pharmacoepidemiology: Studies effects of drugs on populations, including genetic influences.
- Pharmacoeconomics: Evaluates cost-effectiveness of drug treatments.
- Pharmacodynamics: Studies drug effects on the body and mechanisms of action.
- Pharmacokinetics: Examines drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
- Pharmacognosy: Focuses on natural sources of drugs from plants and animals.
- Toxicology: Studies toxic effects of drugs.
Sources of Drugs
- Plants: e.g., Vincristine, Digitalis.
- Microorganisms: e.g., Penicillin, Streptomycin.
- Minerals: e.g., Ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), Aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3).
- Synthesis: e.g., Cocaine, Alcohol, Aspirin.
- Human and Animal: e.g., Insulin, Heparin, Epinephrine.
Routes of Administration
-
Oral:
- Advantages: Self-administration, antidotes available for overdose.
- Disadvantages: Low bioavailability (30-40%), not suitable for unconscious patients.
-
Sublingual/Buccal:
- Advantages: Rapid absorption, avoids gastrointestinal metabolism.
- Disadvantages: Ineffective if swallowed, must remain under the tongue until dissolved.
-
Intravenous (IV):
- Most common parenteral route.
Course Description and Assessment
- Provides principles of pharmacology, historical context, terminology, branches, and drug interaction with biological systems.
- Covers physiological, biochemical, and anatomical foundations.
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Total Course Assessment:
- Quizzes & assignments: 20%
- Mid Term Exam: 35%
- Final Exam: 45%
Grading Policy
- A: 85-100 (Passed)
- A-: 80-84.9 (Passed)
- B+: 75-79.9 (Passed)
- B: 70-74.9 (Passed)
- B-: 65-69.9 (Passed)
- C+: 60-64.9 (Passed)
- C: 55-59.9 (Passed)
- D+: 50-54.9 (Failed)
- D: 45-49.9 (Failed)
- E: 0-44.9 (Failed)
Academic Integrity Statement
- Strict policies against cheating, plagiarism, falsification, and multiple submissions.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of pharmacology, including drug terminology, interactions with the human body, and the importance of academic integrity and attendance policies in the learning environment. Understand the significance of generic and brand names of drugs in pharmacotherapy.
