Pharmacology of Passion Flower

Plant pigments responsible for colors in flowers, fruits, and sometimes leaves. They absorb near-UV radiation to attract insects and protect plant tissue.

A group of flavonoids that give yellow color to plants.

Flavonoids like anthocyanins can act as copigments, enhancing the color of other pigments.

Flavonoids are widely found in plants, except algae. They have the highest diversity in flowering plants (angiosperms).

Glycosidic forms of flavonoids are water-soluble and accumulate in plant vacuoles. Free aglycones are located in the leaf cuticle.

Flavonoids share a common basic structure called a 2-phenylchromane skeleton.

Flavonoids are categorized based on the oxidation state of the pyran ring. They include 2-phenylchromones, 2-phenylchromanes, and others.

Flavones, flavonols, flavanones, and dihydroflavonols are examples of 2-phenylchromones. They are found in high concentrations in plants.

Isoflavones and isoflavanones are unique flavonoids with a 3-phenylchromone structure.

Chalcones and dihydrochalcones have an open pyran ring and a 3-carbon chain with a ketone group. They are often found in legumes.

Aurones are flavonoids with a 2-benzylidene coumaranone structure and are known for their bright yellow pigmentation.

Anthocyanidins are flavonoids responsible for red, blue, and purple colors in plants. They are based on a 2-phenylbenzopyrilium core.

Biflavonoids are formed when two flavonoid molecules bond together. They are often found in plants with protective properties.

Apigenin and luteolin are common flavones with hydroxyl groups at specific positions. They are known for their antioxidant properties.

Kaempferol and quercetin are flavonols with hydroxyl groups. They contribute to plant's defense mechanisms and have health benefits.

A type of flavonoid where two flavonoid units are linked together, often forming a dimer.

A type of flavonoid that has a double bond in the C ring. They're less frequently found in nature compared to other flavonoids, but still important.

A type of flavonoid where one flavonoid unit is a flavone and the other is a flavanone. While less known than biflavones, they contribute to the diversity of flavonoid structures.

Flavonoids that have sugars attached to them. They're more water-soluble than their aglycone counterparts. The sugars can be mono-, di- or trisaccharides.

The type of glycosidation bond in flavonoids where the sugar unit is attached to the C-6 or C-8 position of the flavonoid aglycone through a carbon-carbon bond.

Flavonoids that are soluble in water and alcohols but sparingly soluble in apolar solvents.

Flavonoids that are soluble in apolar solvents, but are often less soluble in water than their glycosidic forms.

A type of flavonoid that often appears colored in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and turns orange when exposed to ammonia.

A type of flavonoid that often appears colored in thin layer chromatography (TLC) and turns red when exposed to ammonia.

A type of flavonoid with a specific structure that contributes to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They are often found in citrus fruits.

A common citrus flavonoid that is often used as a supplemental ingredient for its potential health benefits. It's known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

A popular over-the-counter flavonoid that comes from the Ginkgo biloba tree. It's known for its potential cognitive benefits.

One of the main constituents of Ginkgo biloba extract that has been studied for its potential cognitive benefits, among other potential functions.

A flavonoid glycoside that is abundant in various plants, and is often used for its potential health benefits.

A common flavonoid extracted from the Sophora japonica tree, a source of quercetin.

A plant that has sedative and anxiolytic properties. It can be used in minor sleep disturbances, nervousness, and in combination with other sedatives.

The primary active compounds in Passion Flower. They are flavonoids, or more specifically flavon-C-glycosides, which must be present in a concentration of at least 1.5% for medicinal effect.

Passion Flower's chemical composition includes not only flavonoids but also other active constituents such as indole alkaloids, coumarins, cyanogenic glycosides, phytosterols, and maltol.

Passion Flower's medicinal properties in calming and relaxing the nervous system. It is used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and restlessness.

A plant with numerous species in the mint family. It's an herb with a strong, pungent aroma and is frequently used in traditional medicine and cooking.

The active components of Thyme that have been recognized for their pharmacological effects. They are found in varying amounts depending on the species and growing conditions.

Thyme is used as a natural remedy for respiratory infections, indigestion, and skin conditions. It is often used in combination with other herbs in various remedies and supplements.

It is important to note that some plants, like Thyme, may contain substances that can interact with medications or may not be suitable for everyone. Always consult a healthcare professional before using any herbal remedies.

Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is a plant with a strong aroma used for medicinal and culinary purposes. Its essential oil possesses antibacterial and antifungal properties. It's also utilized as a soothing agent for gastrointestinal issues, coughs, and oral cavity problems.

Field Horsetail (Equisetum arvense) is a plant rich in minerals, particularly silica, which has a diuretic effect. It's used to promote water elimination, aiding in weight loss and preventing urinary tract issues.

Marsh Horsetail (Equisetum palustre) is toxic to animals and potentially to humans. It's often confused with Field Horsetail which is safe for medicinal use.

Apigenin and luteolin are two common flavones found in plants with various health benefits, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. They also contribute to the pigmentation of flowers and fruits.

Flavonoids are plant pigments that play a significant role in various biological processes. They provide color to flowers and fruits, act as antioxidants, and contribute to various medicinal benefits.

Thyme essential oil has a strong antifungal and antibacterial effect, making it an effective remedy for skin infections and wounds.

Field Horsetail's mineral content, especially silica, strengthens hair, nails, and bones. It's also utilized in cosmetics to prevent wrinkles, skin blemishes, and cellulite.

The presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in thyme and field horsetail contribute to their spasmolytic effect, which helps to relieve spasms in the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract.

A type of flavonoid found in Roman Camomile (Chamaemelum nobile), known for its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic properties. It's often used for gastrointestinal issues.

A type of plant compound found in Yarrow (Achillea millefolium), contributing to its anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic effects.

A type of flavonoid found in Immortelle flower (Helichrysum plicatum), known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.

A type of flavonoid found in Immortelle flower (Helichrysum plicatum), contributing to its yellow color.