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Opioids
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Opioids

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the Gi-coupled MOR receptor decreases pain?

  • Increasing the release of GABA
  • Activating the opening of potassium channels
  • Depolarizing the neuron
  • Inhibiting the release of substance P (correct)

    • What is a common feature of the absorption of MOR opioids?

  • High first-pass effect
  • Extensive protein binding
  • Rapid absorption from the gut (correct)
  • Low lipophilicity

    • What is a medical use of delta opioids?

  • Treatment of anxiety disorders
  • Management of chronic pain (correct)
  • Treatment of depression
  • Relief of coughing

    • What is a disadvantage of MOR antagonists?

    <p>Precipitation of withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does oxycodone compare to other mu opioids?

    <p>It has a higher bioavailability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological effect of meperidine?

    <p>Increased heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 2016 opioid prescription guidelines intended to address?

    <p>Increasing rates of addiction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of analgesia is reproduced by opioid analgesics?

    <p>Affective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of meperidine?

    <p>Agonism at mu opioid receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme converts codeine prodrugs?

    <p>CYP2D6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effects of mu opioids do not show tolerance?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What patient population has a higher risk of deficient CYP2D6 metabolism?

    <p>Asian patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medical use of mu opioids has no tolerance?

    <p>Treatment of opioid withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism that can counteract MOR opiate withdrawal?

    <p>Stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that converts meperidine?

    <p>CYP2D6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Gi-coupled MOR receptor in the context of pain relief?

    <p>Decreasing the activity of pain-sensing neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do MOR agonists compare to MOR antagonists in terms of their effects on pain modulation?

    <p>MOR agonists reduce pain while MOR antagonists enhance it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between codeine and oxycodone in terms of their pharmacokinetics?

    <p>Codeine is more extensively metabolized, while oxycodone is more slowly eliminated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the medical uses of mu opioids?

    <p>Most mu opioids are used for moderate to severe pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the physiological effects of meperidine compare to those of morphine?

    <p>Meperidine has a longer duration of action, but is less potent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of MOR agonists in the management of pain?

    <p>They have a lower risk of tolerance and physical dependence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of mu opioids that does not show tolerance?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of drug therapy can provide equivalent pain relief as opioids?

    <p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a situational advantage of MOR antagonists?

    <p>Reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of all neuroinhibitory MOR agonists?

    <p>They are all mu opioid receptor agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of mu opioids?

    <p>Activation of G-protein coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor can affect the choice of mu opioid drug?

    <p>Patient's genetic polymorphisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of meperidine?

    <p>Patients with a history of substance abuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are kappa opioids not used medically?

    <p>They have a dysphoric effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which mu opioids produce analgesia?

    <p>Activation of the Gi-coupled MOR receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between morphine and oxycodone?

    <p>Oxycodone has a higher potency than morphine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the medical uses of mu opioids?

    <p>They are all used to treat chronic pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of MOR antagonists?

    <p>They can cause opioid withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a feature of the absorption of MOR opioids?

    <p>They are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a medical use of codeine?

    <p>Treatment of cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

    <p>Drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of analgesia is reproduced by kappa opioid analgesics?

    <p>Noxious stimuli analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of the absorption of kappa opioids?

    <p>Slow absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a medical use of mu opioids that has no tolerance?

    <p>Acute pain management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of kappa opioids?

    <p>Activate Gi-coupled receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of all neuroexcitatory MOR antagonists?

    <p>They inhibit neurotransmitter release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for the use of meperidine?

    <p>Patients with deficient CYP2D6 metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a factor that can affect the choice of mu opioid drug?

    <p>CYP2D6 metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

    <p>Analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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