Opioids
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the Gi-coupled MOR receptor decreases pain?

  • Increasing the release of GABA
  • Activating the opening of potassium channels
  • Depolarizing the neuron
  • Inhibiting the release of substance P (correct)

What is a common feature of the absorption of MOR opioids?

  • High first-pass effect
  • Extensive protein binding
  • Rapid absorption from the gut (correct)
  • Low lipophilicity

What is a medical use of delta opioids?

  • Treatment of anxiety disorders
  • Management of chronic pain (correct)
  • Treatment of depression
  • Relief of coughing

What is a disadvantage of MOR antagonists?

<p>Precipitation of withdrawal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does oxycodone compare to other mu opioids?

<p>It has a higher bioavailability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological effect of meperidine?

<p>Increased heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are 2016 opioid prescription guidelines intended to address?

<p>Increasing rates of addiction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of analgesia is reproduced by opioid analgesics?

<p>Affective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of meperidine?

<p>Agonism at mu opioid receptors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme converts codeine prodrugs?

<p>CYP2D6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What side effects of mu opioids do not show tolerance?

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What patient population has a higher risk of deficient CYP2D6 metabolism?

<p>Asian patients (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What medical use of mu opioids has no tolerance?

<p>Treatment of opioid withdrawal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism that can counteract MOR opiate withdrawal?

<p>Stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzyme that converts meperidine?

<p>CYP2D6 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Gi-coupled MOR receptor in the context of pain relief?

<p>Decreasing the activity of pain-sensing neurons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do MOR agonists compare to MOR antagonists in terms of their effects on pain modulation?

<p>MOR agonists reduce pain while MOR antagonists enhance it (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between codeine and oxycodone in terms of their pharmacokinetics?

<p>Codeine is more extensively metabolized, while oxycodone is more slowly eliminated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the medical uses of mu opioids?

<p>Most mu opioids are used for moderate to severe pain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the physiological effects of meperidine compare to those of morphine?

<p>Meperidine has a longer duration of action, but is less potent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of MOR agonists in the management of pain?

<p>They have a lower risk of tolerance and physical dependence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of mu opioids that does not show tolerance?

<p>Constipation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug therapy can provide equivalent pain relief as opioids?

<p>Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a situational advantage of MOR antagonists?

<p>Reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of all neuroinhibitory MOR agonists?

<p>They are all mu opioid receptor agonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of mu opioids?

<p>Activation of G-protein coupled receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor can affect the choice of mu opioid drug?

<p>Patient's genetic polymorphisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

<p>Euphoria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of meperidine?

<p>Patients with a history of substance abuse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are kappa opioids not used medically?

<p>They have a dysphoric effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which mu opioids produce analgesia?

<p>Activation of the Gi-coupled MOR receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between morphine and oxycodone?

<p>Oxycodone has a higher potency than morphine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the medical uses of mu opioids?

<p>They are all used to treat chronic pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of MOR antagonists?

<p>They can cause opioid withdrawal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a feature of the absorption of MOR opioids?

<p>They are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a medical use of codeine?

<p>Treatment of cough (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

<p>Drowsiness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of analgesia is reproduced by kappa opioid analgesics?

<p>Noxious stimuli analgesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of the absorption of kappa opioids?

<p>Slow absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a medical use of mu opioids that has no tolerance?

<p>Acute pain management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of kappa opioids?

<p>Activate Gi-coupled receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of all neuroexcitatory MOR antagonists?

<p>They inhibit neurotransmitter release (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of meperidine?

<p>Patients with deficient CYP2D6 metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that can affect the choice of mu opioid drug?

<p>CYP2D6 metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a side effect of mu opioids that shows tolerance?

<p>Analgesia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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