Pharmacology of Heart Medications

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary effect of beta-adrenergic blockers on the body?

  • Increase the heart rate and blood pressure
  • Cause myocardial ischemia
  • Enhance myocardial contractility
  • Block the effects of catecholamines (correct)

In which situation should a calcium channel blocker be used?

  • If beta blockers are ineffective or intolerable (correct)
  • When a patient can tolerate beta blockers
  • As a first-line treatment for all angina
  • To enhance the effects of nitrates

Which statement accurately describes the function of nitrates?

  • They induce vasoconstriction in coronary arteries.
  • They are used exclusively for unstable angina.
  • They cause generalized vascular and coronary vasodilation. (correct)
  • They primarily increase myocardial oxygen demand.

What condition may be treated with calcium channel blockers?

<p>Dysrhythmias, stable angina, and hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do beta-adrenergic blockers alleviate angina pain?

<p>By blocking beta1- and beta2-receptor sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from the use of calcium channel blockers?

<p>Hypotension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average prescribed dose of sublingual nitroglycerin tablets?

<p>0.4 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of classic angina makes nitrates particularly effective?

<p>It is directly related to increased oxygen consumption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential to monitor prior to administering certain heart medications?

<p>Blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following effects is NOT associated with the use of CCBs?

<p>Increased heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After taking nitroglycerin, what side effect might a patient experience due to peripheral vasodilation?

<p>Headache (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many times can sublingual nitroglycerin be administered for chest pain?

<p>Three times (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason sublingual nitroglycerin is not swallowed?

<p>First-pass metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of action for sublingual nitroglycerin?

<p>10 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cardiac dysrhythmias is accurate?

<p>They can be either too fast or too slow. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What precaution should be taken with nitroglycerin patches?

<p>Do not touch the center. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of digoxin on the heart rate?

<p>Decrease heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for excreting digoxin?

<p>Kidneys (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What side effect should be closely monitored in patients taking digoxin?

<p>Digitalis toxicity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition may result from left-sided heart failure?

<p>Right-sided heart failure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much of digoxin is protein bound in the bloodstream?

<p>30% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical half-life range of digoxin?

<p>30 to 40 hours (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart failure is characterized by myocardial hypertrophy leading to cardiomegaly?

<p>Progressive heart failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might serum digoxin levels most commonly be drawn?

<p>When digitalis toxicity is suspected (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of cardiac glycosides in treating heart conditions?

<p>To regulate heart contraction and improve blood flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates the presence of left-sided heart failure?

<p>The left ventricle fails to pump blood effectively into the aorta (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause heart failure, according to the content provided?

<p>Chronic hypertension and myocardial infarction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom experienced by patients with left-sided heart failure?

<p>Shortness of breath and dyspnea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is specifically used to correct atrial fibrillation?

<p>Antidysrhythmics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism do cardiac glycosides use to increase the efficiency of heart contractions?

<p>Inhibition of the sodium-potassium pump (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of right-sided heart failure?

<p>Blood backed up into the systemic circulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of heart failure?

<p>Cognitive disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of class III drugs in treating ventricular dysrhythmias?

<p>Prolong repolarization and action potential duration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used in emergencies for rapid atrial fibrillation?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect do calcium channel blockers like verapamil have on the myocardium?

<p>Decrease excitability and contractility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which patient condition is a contraindication for using verapamil?

<p>Heart failure and AV block (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of hydrochlorothiazide in hypertension management?

<p>Decrease extracellular fluid volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of antihypertensive drugs like diuretics?

<p>Electrolyte imbalances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do class IV drugs impact the AV node?

<p>Increase refractory period (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about class III drugs is true?

<p>They prolong repolarization and are used in emergencies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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