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Questions and Answers
The eye is a specialized sensory organ that facilitates hearing.
The eye is a specialized sensory organ that facilitates hearing.
False
The study of drugs on human eyes examines the action of these substances on vision.
The study of drugs on human eyes examines the action of these substances on vision.
True
Human eyes have no role in sensing light and color.
Human eyes have no role in sensing light and color.
False
The human eye is not classified as a sensory organ.
The human eye is not classified as a sensory organ.
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The action of drugs on eyes can alter visual perception.
The action of drugs on eyes can alter visual perception.
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Latanoprost is also known as Lumigan.
Latanoprost is also known as Lumigan.
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Beta blockers are used to increase intraocular pressure.
Beta blockers are used to increase intraocular pressure.
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Bimatoprost works by blocking the action of the sympathetic nervous system.
Bimatoprost works by blocking the action of the sympathetic nervous system.
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The primary function of latanoprost is to enhance the production of pressure within the eye.
The primary function of latanoprost is to enhance the production of pressure within the eye.
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Both latanoprost and bimatoprost are classified as beta blockers.
Both latanoprost and bimatoprost are classified as beta blockers.
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Miosis results from the contraction of circular muscles or relaxation of radial muscles.
Miosis results from the contraction of circular muscles or relaxation of radial muscles.
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Mydriasis is caused solely by the contraction of circular muscles.
Mydriasis is caused solely by the contraction of circular muscles.
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Eye drops are primarily absorbed through the sclera.
Eye drops are primarily absorbed through the sclera.
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Eye ointments allow for a prolonged contact time compared to eye drops.
Eye ointments allow for a prolonged contact time compared to eye drops.
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Local injections can help overcome physiological barriers to drug penetration in the eye.
Local injections can help overcome physiological barriers to drug penetration in the eye.
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Cholinergic fibers contain M2 receptors in the circular muscles.
Cholinergic fibers contain M2 receptors in the circular muscles.
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Eye lotions are primarily used for therapeutic purposes rather than irrigation.
Eye lotions are primarily used for therapeutic purposes rather than irrigation.
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The duration of drug contact time with the eye is longer when using eye ointments compared to eye drops.
The duration of drug contact time with the eye is longer when using eye ointments compared to eye drops.
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Timolol and betaxolol are classified as alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Timolol and betaxolol are classified as alpha-adrenergic agonists.
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Both timolol and betaxolol are used to reduce the production of aqueous humor.
Both timolol and betaxolol are used to reduce the production of aqueous humor.
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Alpha-adrenergic agonists increase the outflow of aqueous humor.
Alpha-adrenergic agonists increase the outflow of aqueous humor.
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The brand name for betaxolol is Timoptic.
The brand name for betaxolol is Timoptic.
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Timolol and betaxolol can be used interchangeably without any changes in efficacy.
Timolol and betaxolol can be used interchangeably without any changes in efficacy.
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Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the biochemical production of aqueous humor.
Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme involved in the biochemical production of aqueous humor.
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Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are both agents that interfere with the outflow of fluid within the eyes.
Dorzolamide and brinzolamide are both agents that interfere with the outflow of fluid within the eyes.
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Miotic agents are also referred to as cholinergic agents.
Miotic agents are also referred to as cholinergic agents.
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The primary function of aqueous humor is to decrease intraocular pressure.
The primary function of aqueous humor is to decrease intraocular pressure.
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Brinzolamide is a brand name for the drug dorzolamide.
Brinzolamide is a brand name for the drug dorzolamide.
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Study Notes
Study of Drugs Action on Human Eyes
- Eyes are specialized sensory organs which mediate vision
- Circular muscles are innervated by cholinergic fibers containing M3 receptors
- Miosis is either due to contraction of circular muscle or relaxation of radial muscle
- Mydriasis is either due to contraction of radial muscle or relaxation of circular muscle
Drugs and Human Eyes
- Topical administration is used to apply drugs to the eye
- Eye drops are absorbed primarily through the cornea
- Eye drops have short drug-eye contact time
- Eye ointments allow prolonged contact time
- Eye lotions are used for irrigation
- Local injections and systemic treatment are also options
- Physiological barriers limit systemically administered drug penetration to the eye
- Examples of eye drops include latanoprost (Xalatan) and bimatoprost (Lumigan)
Beta Blockers
- Used to reduce the production of intraocular pressure
- Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system
- Examples of beta blockers include timolol (Betimol, Timoptic) and betaxolol (Betoptic)
Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists
- Reduce the production of aqueous humor and increase its outflow
- Examples of alpha-adrenergic agonists include dorzolamide (Trusopt) and brinzolamide (Azopt)
Miotic or Cholinergic Agents
- Increase the outflow of fluid within the eyes
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Description
Explore the actions of various drugs on human eyes, focusing on mechanisms like miosis and mydriasis. This quiz covers topical administration techniques, types of medications, and the role of beta blockers in managing intraocular pressure. Test your knowledge on how different pharmacological approaches affect ocular physiology.
