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What is the effect of diuretics on urinary flow rates?
What is the effect of diuretics on urinary flow rates?
Which type of diuretic is associated with potassium sparing?
Which type of diuretic is associated with potassium sparing?
What is the effect of mannitol on urine production?
What is the effect of mannitol on urine production?
Which of the following is an antagonist of ADH?
Which of the following is an antagonist of ADH?
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What is the effect of Furosemide on sodium reabsorption?
What is the effect of Furosemide on sodium reabsorption?
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Which of the following is a type of diuretic that works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?
Which of the following is a type of diuretic that works by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with acute edema?
Which of the following conditions is associated with acute edema?
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What is the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
What is the mechanism of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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Which of the following is a clinical use of acetazolamide?
Which of the following is a clinical use of acetazolamide?
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What is a side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
What is a side effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
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What is the effect of osmotic diuretics on water excretion?
What is the effect of osmotic diuretics on water excretion?
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Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
Which of the following is a loop diuretic?
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What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
What is the mechanism of action of loop diuretics?
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What is a clinical use of loop diuretics?
What is a clinical use of loop diuretics?
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What is a side effect of loop diuretics?
What is a side effect of loop diuretics?
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Which of the following is an adverse reaction of osmotic diuretics?
Which of the following is an adverse reaction of osmotic diuretics?
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Which of the following diuretics is known to inhibit NaCl reabsorption from the luminal DCT?
Which of the following diuretics is known to inhibit NaCl reabsorption from the luminal DCT?
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What is the primary adverse effect of thiazide diuretics?
What is the primary adverse effect of thiazide diuretics?
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Which of the following diuretics is an aldosterone antagonist?
Which of the following diuretics is an aldosterone antagonist?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of potassium-sparing diuretics?
What is the primary mechanism of action of potassium-sparing diuretics?
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Which of the following diuretics is known to cause carbohydrate intolerance?
Which of the following diuretics is known to cause carbohydrate intolerance?
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What is the primary clinical use of thiazide diuretics?
What is the primary clinical use of thiazide diuretics?
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Which of the following diuretics is known to cause allergic reactions?
Which of the following diuretics is known to cause allergic reactions?
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What is the primary mechanism of action of demeclocycline?
What is the primary mechanism of action of demeclocycline?
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Which of the following diuretics is known to cause hyperlipidemia?
Which of the following diuretics is known to cause hyperlipidemia?
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What is the primary clinical use of spironolactone?
What is the primary clinical use of spironolactone?
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What is the likely consequence of decreased cardiac output on the kidney?
What is the likely consequence of decreased cardiac output on the kidney?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse reaction to a certain medication?
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse reaction to a certain medication?
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What is the effect of xanthines on the kidney?
What is the effect of xanthines on the kidney?
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What is the likely consequence of decreased renal blood flow on the kidney?
What is the likely consequence of decreased renal blood flow on the kidney?
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What is the effect of decreased cardiac output on sodium levels?
What is the effect of decreased cardiac output on sodium levels?
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What is the likely consequence of hyperkalemia on the kidney?
What is the likely consequence of hyperkalemia on the kidney?
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Study Notes
Diuretics
- Diuretics increase urinary flow rates, causing Na3CI reabsorption and water loss.
Mechanism of Action
- Diuretics work by inhibiting Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys, increasing urinary flow rates and water loss.
Types of Diuretics
-
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
- Inhibit carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the proximal tubule.
- Inhibit NaHCO3 reabsorption, leading to ↓ HCO3.
- Clinical uses:
- Glaucoma (↓ aqueous humor formation, ↓ intraocular pressure).
- Urine alkalinization (weak acid drugs excretion).
- Metabolic Alkalosis (Nk3, intravascular volume ↑, ↑ mineralcorticoid).
- Acute mountain sickness (VCSF ↓, pHCSF).
- Adverse reactions:
- Hypercholeremic metabolic acidosis.
- Osmotic diuresis.
- Renal stones.
- Ca2+ excretion.
- Phosphaturia.
- Hypercalciuria.
-
Osmotic Diuretics
- Increase water excretion.
- Inhibit water reabsorption in the proximal tubule.
- Examples:
- Mannitol.
- Clinical uses:
- Acute pulmonary edema.
- Acute renal failure.
- Elevated intracranial pressure.
- Osmotic diarrhea.
- Adverse reactions:
- Dehydration.
- Hyponatremia.
-
Loop Diuretics
- Inhibit Na+ and K+ reabsorption in the Loop of Henle.
- Examples:
- Furosemide.
- Bumetanide.
- Torsemide.
- Ethacrynic acid.
- Clinical uses:
- Hyperkalemia.
- Hypercalcamia.
- Acute pulmonary edema.
- Mild hypertension.
- Acute renal failure.
- Anion poisoning treatment.
- Adverse reactions:
- Dehydration.
- Hyponatremia.
- Hypokalemia.
- Metabolic alkalosis.
- Allergic reaction.
- Ototoxicity.
- Hypomagnesemia.
- Hyperuricacemia.
-
Thiazide Diuretics
- Inhibit NaCl reabsorption in the Distal Convoluted Tubule.
- Examples:
- Chlorothiazide.
- Chlortalidone.
- Clinical uses:
- Mild heart failure.
- Hypertension.
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- Prevent recurrent stone formation.
- Adverse reactions:
- Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis.
- Hyperuricaemia.
- Hyponatremia.
- Fatigue.
- Allergic reaction.
- Carbohydrate intolerance.
- Hyperglycemia.
- Hyperlipidemia.
-
Potassium-Sparing Diuretics
- Inhibit aldosterone's effects in the Collecting Duct.
- Examples:
- Spironolactone (Aldactone).
- Triamterene (Dyrenium).
- Amiloride (Midamor).
- Clinical uses:
- Heart failure.
- Hyperaldosteronism.
- Hepatic cirrhosis.
- Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.
- Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH).
- Adverse reactions:
- Hyperkalemia.
- Headache.
- Nausea.
- Cardiac toxicity.
- Renal failure.
Other Diuretics
-
Xanthines
- Examples:
- Caffeine.
- Theophylline.
- Mechanism:
- Increase cardiac output and RBF.
- Increase GFR.
- ↓ Na+, Cl- and water loss.
- Examples:
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Description
This quiz covers the mechanism of action of diuretics, including their effects on urinary flow rates, sodium chloride reabsorption, and blood pressure.
