MPP: BLOCK 2: SMOOTH MUSCLE PHARMACOLOGY
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Questions and Answers

Which class of drugs is primarily used for the treatment of asthma and COPD?

  • Beta-2 Agonists (correct)
  • Nitric Oxide Donors
  • Anticholinergics
  • Calcium Channel Blockers

    • What type of smooth muscle relaxant is used for the treatment of angina and heart failure?

  • Beta-2 Agonists
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Nitric Oxide Donors (correct)
  • Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

    • Which medication is classified as a direct vasodilator and used for hypertension?

  • Ibuprofen
  • Hydralazine (correct)
  • Sildenafil
  • Albuterol

    • What mechanism of action do calcium channel blockers, like Amlodipine, have?

    <p>Relaxation of smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Misoprostol in pharmacology?

    <p>Induction of labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an example of an antispasmodic for gastrointestinal spasms?

    <p>Hyoscine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Prostaglandin agonists generally function in smooth muscle pharmacology?

    <p>Inducing relaxation in smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT classified as a bronchodilator?

    <p>Diltiazem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Misoprostol?

    <p>Mimics the action of naturally occurring prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In clinical practice, Misoprostol is primarily used for which purpose?

    <p>To induce labor by promoting uterine contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of Hydralazine in treating hypertension?

    <p>Activating guanylate cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyoscine in managing gastrointestinal conditions?

    <p>Blocking muscarinic receptors to reduce spasms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition can be managed with antispasmodics that have anticholinergic effects?

    <p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Nitroglycerin is true?

    <p>It releases nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sildenafil enhance erectile function?

    <p>By increasing levels of cGMP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blocking muscarinic receptors in the peripheral nervous system affect GI function?

    <p>Decreases GI motility and secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do prostaglandins play in blood flow regulation?

    <p>They can act as either vasodilators or vasoconstrictors depending on the type.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of Misoprostol?

    <p>Blocking acetylcholine action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic effect of anticholinergic drugs like hyoscine on the GI tract?

    <p>Reduce muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of increased intracellular levels of cGMP in smooth muscle cells?

    <p>Smooth muscle relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs does Misoprostol belong to?

    <p>Prostaglandin analogs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily involved in the action of phosphodiesterase inhibitors like Sildenafil?

    <p>Preventing cGMP degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these options describes a function of nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>It stimulates guanylate cyclase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a decrease in intracellular calcium level have on vascular smooth muscle?

    <p>It leads to vasodilation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Albuterol?

    <p>Management of acute asthma symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do calcium channel blockers promote vasodilation?

    <p>By blocking the inward movement of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of Ipratropium?

    <p>It blocks acetylcholine action at muscarinic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Amlodipine and Diltiazem in their use as antihypertensives?

    <p>Amlodipine selectively binds to L-type calcium channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased calcium have on blood vessels?

    <p>Leads to vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does nitric oxide (NO) play in blood flow control?

    <p>It decreases myosin light-chain kinase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers?

    <p>They limit intracellular calcium entry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medications are categorized under SABA?

    <p>Short-acting β2 agonists for quick relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Bronchodilators

    • Albuterol, a short-acting beta-2 agonist, is commonly used to treat asthma and COPD
    • Ipratropium is an anticholinergic that blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, which are found in the smooth muscle of the airways

    Antihypertensives

    • Calcium channel blockers, such as Amlodipine and Diltiazem, limit intracellular calcium, promoting vasodilation of arterioles
    • Amlodipine has few drug interactions and is primarily used to treat hypertension
    • Diltiazem interacts with many other drugs and is used to treat hypertension and other cardiac dysfunctions
    • Direct vasodilators, like Hydralazine, mimic the effects of nitric oxide on vascular smooth muscle, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle

    Smooth Muscle Relaxants

    • Nitric oxide donors, such as Nitroglycerin, are used to treat angina and heart failure by releasing nitric oxide in vascular smooth muscle
    • Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, like Sildenafil, inhibit the enzyme that breaks down cGMP, which increases cGMP levels, enhancing and prolonging erections in response to sexual stimulation

    Prostaglandins

    • Misoprostol is a prostaglandin analog that mimics the action of naturally occurring prostaglandins, and is used to induce labor by promoting uterine contraction

    Agents for Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle

    • Hyoscine, an antispasmodic, blocks the action of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, which leads to decreased GI motility and secretion, helping to manage conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

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    Description

    This quiz covers the pharmacological aspects of bronchodilators, antihypertensives, and smooth muscle relaxants, focusing on key medications like Albuterol, Amlodipine, and Nitroglycerin. Test your knowledge on their mechanisms of action, therapeutic uses, and potential drug interactions. It's essential for anyone studying pharmacology or medicine.

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