Pharmacology of Beta Receptors
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Questions and Answers

What is the effect of stimulating α2-receptors on blood pressure?

  • No change
  • Decrease (correct)
  • Initial decrease followed by increase
  • Increase
  • What is the effect of β2 receptors on respiratory smooth muscle?

  • Relaxation (correct)
  • Constriction
  • Depends on dose
  • No change
  • What is the effect of dopamine on heart rate at low doses?

  • Decrease (correct)
  • Increase
  • Biphasic response
  • No change
  • What is the primary mechanism of epinephrine's effect on coronary blood flow?

    <p>Increased myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of β1-receptors on the heart?

    <p>Positive chronotropy and inotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of elimination of epinephrine?

    <p>&lt; 5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of norepinephrine on heart rate?

    <p>Maintained</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of dopamine's indirect effects?

    <p>Release of norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of isoproterenol on myocardial O2 supply?

    <p>Decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of dobutamine on the heart?

    <p>Increased coronary blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of norepinephrine's vasoconstrictor effect?

    <p>Activation of α1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of dopamine on peripheral vascular resistance at high doses?

    <p>Increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of β1 agonists on the heart?

    <p>Increase cardiac contractility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of ephedrine?

    <p>Indirect β agonist and direct α agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of phenylephrine on the heart?

    <p>Decrease heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of phentolamine?

    <p>Competitive and nonselective α antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical dose range for dopamine infusion?

    <p>0.5-1 mcg/kg/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of phenylephrine nasal drops/spray?

    <p>To vasoconstrict nares prior to nasal intubation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of phenoxybenzamine on blood pressure?

    <p>It causes a decrease in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of yohimbine?

    <p>Treatment of orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the FDA warning associated with droperidol?

    <p>Prolonged QT interval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of clonidine on heart rate?

    <p>It decreases heart rate in a dose-dependent manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mechanism of action of dexmedetomidine?

    <p>It is a selective presynaptic α2 agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of phenoxybenzamine on insulin secretion?

    <p>It increases insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for initiating β blockade preoperatively?

    <p>Vascular and intermediate-risk surgical procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using cardioselective β blockers?

    <p>They are more selective for β1 receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of β blockers on the sympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Decrease sympathetic nervous system activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dose of esmolol for controlling heart rate?

    <p>10-20 mg initial and titrate to goal HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of labetalol's action?

    <p>Non-selective β and α1 antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antidote for β blocker overdose?

    <p>Glucagon 5 mg IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

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