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Pharmacology of Barbiturates
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Pharmacology of Barbiturates

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

  • Blocking the effects of GABA
  • Increasing the effects of GABA (correct)
  • Inhibiting the release of dopamine
  • Activating the chloride channel for a short period

    • What is the primary therapeutic use of barbiturates?

  • To treat insomnia and prepare patients for surgery (correct)
  • To treat depression
  • To treat ADHD
  • To treat anxiety disorders

    • What is a common adverse effect of barbiturates on the respiratory system?

  • Tachycardia
  • Respiratory stimulation
  • Hypertension
  • Respiratory depression (correct)

    • What is the primary difference between benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepines?

    <p>Benzodiazepines have a different mechanism of action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do the effects of barbiturates diminish after approximately 2 weeks?

    <p>Because the patient develops tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of chloride ions entering the cell when barbiturates and benzodiazepine are given together?

    <p>Nerve impulse transmission is totally stopped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics?

    <p>They block the receptors on the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Treatment of anxiety disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse reaction of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of depression?

    <p>Feelings of intense sadness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is facilitated by barbiturates to inhibit impulse transmission?

    <p>GABA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sedatives on a patient?

    <p>Produce a relaxing and calming effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between hypnotics and sedatives?

    <p>Hypnotics induce sleep, while sedatives do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of long-acting barbiturates?

    <p>10 to 16 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased chloride ion influx due to barbiturates?

    <p>Inhibition of impulse transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when antidepressants block the reuptake of endogenous neurotransmitters?

    <p>CNS stimulation occurs and the patient becomes excited and relieved from depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

    <p>Inhibiting the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into the same neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of some antidepressants that inhibit enzymes that destroy neurotransmitters?

    <p>Decreasing the breakdown of neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

    <p>Inhibiting the uptake of serotonin into the same neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the overall effect of antidepressants on neurotransmitters?

    <p>Increasing the amount of neurotransmitters available</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in movement, attention, and emotion?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a deficiency of Serotonin?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of agent used to treat anxiety disorders?

    <p>Anti-anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a deficiency of Norepinephrine?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Hypnotics and Sedatives?

    <p>To induce sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of local anesthesia on the patient?

    <p>The patient feels no pain in a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between general anesthesia and local anesthesia?

    <p>General anesthesia results in loss of sensation of the entire body, while local anesthesia results in loss of sensation in a specific area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of topical anesthesia?

    <p>The anesthetic drug is applied to the surface of skin and mucous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between regional anesthesia and local infiltration anesthesia?

    <p>Regional anesthesia involves injection around nerves, while local infiltration anesthesia involves injection into tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of general anesthesia on a patient?

    <p>The patient is unconscious and feels no pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of destroying enzymes in impulse transmission?

    <p>CNS stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is inhibited by Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

    <p>Monoamine Oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a therapeutic use of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible adverse reaction of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitters are involved in impulse transmission?

    <p>Monoamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of destroying enzymes in neurotransmission?

    <p>Relief from depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic use of MAOIs?

    <p>Lowering blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of MAOI therapy?

    <p>Increased Monoamine neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible cause of nausea and vomiting in MAOI therapy?

    <p>Increase in Monoamine neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse reaction of MAOIs?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

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