Pharmacology of Anticonvulsants
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Questions and Answers

What is the drug classification of Tegretol (carbamazepine)?

  • Anticonvulsant
  • Antidepressant
  • Both A and B (correct)
  • Mood stabilizer
  • What is the dose range for Tegretol (carbamazepine) in adults?

    400-800 mg daily in divided doses

    What is one of the pharmacological actions of Tegretol?

    Decreases synaptic transmission in CNS by affecting sodium channels in neurons

    Which of the following are therapeutic uses of Tegretol?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    One potential side effect of Tegretol is ______.

    <p>suicidal thoughts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following may decrease the effectiveness of Tegretol?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided alongside the use of Tegretol?

    <p>CNS depressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should patients monitor while taking Tegretol?

    <p>Skin changes, rashes, mental status and CBC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern in the nursing administration of Tegretol?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the effectiveness of Tegretol for bipolar disorder?

    <p>Decreased mania and depressive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drug Classification

    • Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer used for various neurological and psychiatric conditions

    Dose Range

    • Typical oral dosage is 400 mg daily, divided into multiple doses
    • Common dosage range falls between 400-800 mg

    Pharmacological Action

    • Reduces synaptic transmission in the central nervous system
    • Primarily affects sodium channels in neurons

    Therapeutic Uses

    • Effective in managing bipolar disorder
    • Used to control various seizure types
    • Treats trigeminal neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy

    Side Effects/Adverse Effects

    • Potential for suicidal thoughts and behaviors
    • May cause ataxia, drowsiness, psychosis, and blurred vision
    • Can lead to increased liver enzymes and severe skin reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis)
    • Risk of blood disorders such as aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis
    • Other effects include dizziness, hypotension, sedation, and leukopenia

    Medication/Food Interactions

    • Corticosteroids and contraceptives may reduce Tegretol's effectiveness
    • Benzodiazepines and haloperidol can also lower the drug's efficacy
    • MAOIs require caution due to potential interactions
    • SSRIs and antidepressants might increase Tegretol levels and toxicity risk
    • Grapefruit juice can elevate drug levels, necessitating caution

    Nursing Interventions/Client Education

    • Emphasize adherence to prescribed dosing schedule
    • Advise against concurrent use of other CNS depressants
    • Recommend sun protection due to potential skin sensitivity
    • Suggest non-hormonal contraceptive methods
    • Educate on monitoring for skin changes and mental status shifts
    • Stress the importance of reporting missed doses, suicidal ideation, or worsening mood changes
    • Pregnancy status should always be communicated to the healthcare provider
    • Assist patients in rising from sitting positions to prevent dizziness
    • Regular CBC monitoring for platelets, iron, and white blood cells is essential
    • Monitor laboratory results to ensure therapeutic range (4-12 µg/mL)

    Nursing Administration Concerns

    • Vigilantly monitor for changes in platelets, iron, and white blood cell counts
    • Contraindicated in patients with bone marrow depression
    • Necessary to check labs for increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein, glucose, and calcium levels

    Evaluation of Medication Effectiveness

    • Monitor for reduction in mania and depressive symptoms in individuals with bipolar I disorder
    • Assess for decrease in pain levels
    • Ensure absence or reduction in seizure frequency and severity

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    Description

    This quiz covers the classification, dosage, pharmacological actions, therapeutic uses, side effects, and interactions of anticonvulsant medications. Test your knowledge on how these drugs function, their applications in treating psychiatric and neurological conditions, and the potential risks associated with their use.

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