Psychopharmacology Quizzes
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Questions and Answers

Which neurotransmitters do antidepressants interact with?

  • Dopamine and GABA
  • Norepinephrine and serotonin (correct)
  • GABA and serotonin
  • Serotonin and dopamine
  • Which group of antidepressants includes desvenlafaxine and venlafaxine?

  • MAO inhibitors (MAOIs)
  • Other antidepressants (correct)
  • Tricyclic and related cyclic antidepressants
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
  • What are the off-label uses of antidepressants?

  • Treatment of asthma and arthritis
  • Treatment of hypertension and diabetes
  • Treatment of insomnia and allergies
  • Treatment of chronic pain and migraine headaches (correct)
  • What are the potential side effects of cyclic antidepressants?

    <p>Sedation and orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the cyclic compounds become available?

    <p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What positive effect did MAO inhibitors (MAOIs) have on people with depression?

    <p>Improved mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first choice in treating depression due to equal efficacy and fewer side effects?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first and only medication that can be given once a week as maintenance therapy for depression?

    <p>Prozac Weekly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter systems in the brain do antidepressants interact with?

    <p>Norepinephrine and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antidepressants block the reuptake of serotonin?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When are SSRIs effective in treating depression?

    <p>2 to 4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of SSRIs?

    <p>Insomnia and sexual dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antidepressant is being studied as a potentially safer alternative to oral MAOIs for depression treatment?

    <p>Selegiline transdermal patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidepressant may cause seizures at a rate four times that of other antidepressants?

    <p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential fatal interaction with MAOIs mentioned in the text?

    <p>SSRIs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side effect is commonly associated with Nefazodone?

    <p>Sedation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result from taking an MAOI and an SSRI at the same time or too close to the end of therapy with the other?

    <p>Serotonin syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most established mood stabilizer according to the text?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major categories of antidepressants mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and atypical antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurotransmitters are believed to be linked to depression due to decreased levels?

    <p>Norepinephrine and serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most frequently prescribed and effective type of antidepressant for most clients?

    <p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lag period before tricyclic antidepressants show efficacy?

    <p>10 to 14 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended timeline for improvement with SSRIs mentioned in the text?

    <p>Insomnia decreases in 3 to 4 days, appetite returns in 5 to 7 days, and mood improves in 7 to 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does evidence suggest antidepressant therapy should be to reduce relapse in people with depression?

    <p>18 to 24 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant can cause serious rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis, particularly in children under 16 years?

    <p>Lamotrigine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of lithium in bipolar illness primarily related to?

    <p>Normalizing the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters and reducing the release of norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic serum lithium level recommended for effective treatment?

    <p>1 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant increases levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA?

    <p>Valproic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of lithium therapy?

    <p>Fine hand tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of carbamazepine and valproic acid?

    <p>Alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant can cause serious rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis, particularly in children under 16 years?

    <p>Lamotrigine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of lithium in bipolar illness?

    <p>It normalizes the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the effective dosage of lithium determined?

    <p>By monitoring serum lithium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anticonvulsant increases levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA?

    <p>Valproic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common side effects of lithium therapy?

    <p>Mild nausea or diarrhea and fine hand tremor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of client teaching for clients taking lithium and anticonvulsants?

    <p>Monitoring blood levels periodically</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mood Stabilizers and Anticonvulsants in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

    • Other anticonvulsants used for mood stabilization include gabapentin, topiramate, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine, with occasional use of clonazepam for acute mania.
    • Lamotrigine can cause serious rashes, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and life-threatening toxic epidermal necrolysis, particularly in children under 16 years.
    • Mechanism of action of lithium in bipolar illness is not fully understood, but it normalizes the reuptake of certain neurotransmitters and reduces the release of norepinephrine.
    • Anticonvulsants like valproic acid and topiramate increase levels of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, while valproic acid and carbamazepine stabilize mood by inhibiting the kindling process.
    • Lithium is considered a first-line agent in the treatment of bipolar disorder.
    • Effective dosage of lithium is determined by monitoring serum lithium levels, with daily dosages ranging from 900 to 3,600 mg, and the therapeutic serum lithium level should be about 1 mEq/L.
    • Facilities for serum lithium determinations are required to monitor therapy as lithium toxicity is closely related to serum lithium levels.
    • Carbamazepine is available in liquid, tablet, and chewable tablet forms, with dosages usually ranging from 800 to 1,200 mg/day.
    • Valproic acid is available in liquid, tablet, and capsule forms, with dosages ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 mg/day.
    • Common side effects of lithium therapy include mild nausea or diarrhea, fine hand tremor, polydipsia, polyuria, metallic taste in the mouth, and fatigue or lethargy.
    • Side effects of carbamazepine and valproic acid include drowsiness, sedation, dry mouth, blurred vision, rashes, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain, alopecia, and hand tremor.
    • Client teaching for clients taking lithium and anticonvulsants includes monitoring blood levels periodically, taking medications with meals to minimize nausea, and refraining from driving until certain side effects have subsided.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of psychopharmacology with these quizzes on antidepressant treatment and prognosis, as well as mood stabilizers and anticonvulsants in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Explore major categories of antidepressants, choice of medication, mechanisms of action, specific side effects, and dosage monitoring. Delve into the use of mood stabilizers and anticonvulsants, common side effects, and client teaching considerations.

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