Pharmacology of Anesthesia Types

Phase of drug metabolism where the drug is modified by the body, usually making it easier to excrete.

A common method of drug administration that involves injecting medication into a vein.

A common method of drug administration that involves injecting medication into a muscle.

A procedure aimed at reducing pain perception, often used during surgery.

A type of drug that reduces pain.

A type of anesthetic gas that can be used to induce anesthesia.

A common symptom that can occur after drug administration.

A type of opioid drug used for pain relief.

A long-acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant used for intubation and muscle relaxation during surgery. It is administered intravenously.

An intermediate-acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxant that can be used for intubation and muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. It's metabolized by the body, so it's suitable for patients with kidney and liver issues.

A non-depolarizing muscle relaxant with a faster onset compared to others. It's used for rapid sequence intubation and muscle relaxation during surgery.

A medication that reverses the effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants, allowing the patient to regain muscle function after surgery.

A reaction that can occur with pancuronium, involving increased histamine levels, leading to skin flushing, low blood pressure, and rapid heart rate.

A reaction that can occur with atracurium or cisatracurium. It can cause prolonged paralysis in patients with kidney issues.

A common use for rocuronium is for rapid sequence intubation. This technique allows for quick and efficient intubation, often used in emergency situations.

The process of placing a tube into the windpipe (trachea) to help a person breathe.

Procedures that are performed during patient care to minimize the transmission of harmful organisms, primarily through hand hygiene, but also environmental disinfection, PPE, and other strategies.

The practice of cleaning hands to remove microbes and reduce the risk of spreading infections.

WHO's 5 moments for hand hygiene are key times during patient care when hand cleaning is essential to prevent infection transmission.

The first of the 5 moments for hand hygiene, before touching a patient.

The second of the 5 moments for hand hygiene, before a clean/aseptic procedure like inserting a catheter.

The third of the 5 moments for hand hygiene, after a procedure or exposure to body fluids.

The fourth of the 5 moments for hand hygiene, after touching a patient.

The fifth of the 5 moments for hand hygiene, after touching a patient's surroundings.

A defibrillation that delivers a shock with two phases: one positive and one negative. The direction of current flow reverses during the shock.

A defibrillation that delivers a shock with a single phase of current. Simple and effective, but generally delivers higher energy.

A specialized medical device used for intubation and basic bronchoscopy procedures. It features a video camera and integrated lighting for visualization of the airway.

A potential complication of video laryngoscope use, especially in inexperienced providers. It can occur when the patient coughs or experiences bronchospasm.

A potential complication of video laryngoscope use. It can occur when the patient bites the scope, potentially causing damage to the device.

Delivering high-flow oxygen through the nose to prevent oxygen desaturation during procedures, particularly in fragile patients.

A technique that involves positioning a device called a double lumen tube (DLT) during endotracheal intubation, providing ventilation to both lungs simultaneously.

A procedure that involves inserting a bronchoscope into the airways for visual examination, sampling of fluids, or other diagnostic purposes.

The process of cleaning hands with soap and water to remove germs. This is an essential practice in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infections.

A type of hand hygiene using a gel or foam containing alcohol to quickly disinfect hands. It's faster than handwashing but only effective against certain germs.

The recommended duration for handwashing with plain soap, as per Joint Commission International (JCI).

The recommended duration for hand hygiene with alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR), according to Joint Commission International (JCI).

The practice of removing gloves before performing hand hygiene, as recommended by CDC and WHO guidelines.

The process of thoroughly disinfecting the operating room after every surgery to prevent infections.

A recommended set of protective equipment used by anesthesia providers during surgeries, including face mask, cap, gown, and sterile gloves.

A type of central catheter that is inserted into a large vein in the chest to deliver fluids, medications, or nutrition.

A regular, scheduled maintenance procedure for anesthesia equipment, typically conducted weekly.

Daily checks are performed on anesthesia equipment to ensure proper function before each use.

A comprehensive checklist used before anesthesia is administered, ensuring all vital components are functioning correctly.

The process of verifying that the breathing system is properly connected and functioning correctly, allowing for safe gas delivery.

Ensuring oxygen flows properly through the breathing circuit, vital for patient safety during anesthesia.

A critical step in anesthesia preparation where the oxygen cylinder is inspected for leaks and adequate pressure, ensuring a safe oxygen supply.

A type of breathing system used in anesthesia, where exhaled gases are partially re-breathed, allowing for greater efficiency.

A critical safety measure taken before anesthesia, where the anesthesiologist confirms the patient's identity, the planned procedure, and the anesthetic plan.