Pharmacology of Acid-Related and Respiratory Drugs
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Questions and Answers

What complication is associated with the use of aluminum salts in antacids?

  • Nausea
  • Constipation (correct)
  • Diarrhea
  • Bloating
  • Which statement correctly describes an action of H2 antagonists?

  • They coat the stomach lining.
  • They decrease stomach acid production. (correct)
  • They block serotonin receptors.
  • They neutralize stomach acid.
  • Ondansetron, an antiemetic, primarily acts by blocking which of the following?

  • Muscarinic receptors
  • Histamine
  • Proton pumps
  • Serotonin (correct)
  • What risk is associated with long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)?

    <p>C. difficile infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication can arise from overuse of Docusate Sodium?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Albuterol?

    <p>Bronchodilator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with Prednisone?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication might occur with the use of Guaifenesin if not taken properly?

    <p>GI upset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known to cause drowsiness as a side effect?

    <p>Cetirizine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for Diphenoxylate with Atropine?

    <p>Slows gut movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with the use of Clonidine?

    <p>Dizziness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does Losartan perform?

    <p>Lowers blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to be a potassium-sparing diuretic?

    <p>Spironolactone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic associated with Nitroglycerin?

    <p>NITRO dilates but Drops pressure, Hurts head</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is most likely to cause muscle pain as a complication?

    <p>Atorvastatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    • Antacids: Neutralize stomach acid; Magnesium causes diarrhea, Aluminum causes constipation.
    • H2 Antagonists: Decrease stomach acid; risk of confusion in elderly.
    • PPIs: Block acid production; risk of fractures and C. difficile infections.
    • Sucralfate: Coats stomach lining; causes constipation and may interfere with other medications.

    GI/Antiemetics

    • Ondansetron (Zofran): Blocks serotonin, prevents nausea and vomiting; potential QT prolongation.
    • Metoclopramide (Reglan): Increases GI motility; risk of tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements).
    • Docusate Sodium: Stool softener; diarrhea with overuse.
    • Diphenoxylate with Atropine (Lomotil): Slows gut movement; drowsiness, dry mouth, dependence risk.

    Respiratory Drugs

    • Albuterol (Beta-2 Agonist): Bronchodilator (relaxes airways); tremors and tachycardia.
    • Cetirizine (Zyrtec): Antihistamine; drowsiness.
    • Dextromethorphan (Antitussive): Suppresses cough; dizziness and potential abuse.
    • Guaifenesin (Expectorant): Loosens mucus; gastric upset if not taken with water.
    • Phenylephrine (Sympathomimetic): Nasal decongestant; increased blood pressure.

    Cardiovascular Drugs

    • Prednisone (Glucocorticoid): Reduces inflammation; hyperglycemia, osteoporosis, infection risk.
    • Atorvastatin (HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor): Lowers cholesterol; muscle pain, liver damage.
    • Nitrates: Vasodilator (relieves chest pain); headache, hypotension.
    • Captopril (ACE Inhibitor): Reduces blood pressure; cough, angioedema.
    • Carvedilol (Alpha/Beta Blocker): Lowers blood pressure and heart rate; dizziness, bradycardia.
    • Clonidine (Alpha-2 Agonist): Reduces blood pressure; drowsiness, rebound hypertension.
    • Furosemide (Loop Diuretic): Reduces fluid retention; hypokalemia, ototoxicity.
    • Hydrochlorothiazide (Thiazide Diuretic): Reduces fluid retention; hypokalemia, hyperglycemia.
    • Losartan (ARB): Lowers blood pressure by blocking angiotensin II; hyperkalemia.
    • Metoprolol (Beta-1 Blocker): Slows heart rate, reduces blood pressure; bradycardia, fatigue.
    • Spironolactone (Aldosterone Antagonist): Potassium-sparing diuretic; hyperkalemia.
    • Verapamil (Calcium Channel Blocker): Lowers blood pressure, treats arrhythmias; bradycardia, constipation.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key medications used to treat acid-related conditions, gastrointestinal issues, and respiratory disorders. Participants will assess their knowledge on antacids, H2 antagonists, PPIs, and various GI and respiratory drugs, focusing on their effects, risks, and side effects. Ideal for students in pharmacology or medicine courses.

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