Pharmacology in Nursing
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Questions and Answers

What is a common contraindication for oral drug administration?

  • Severe headache
  • Vomiting (correct)
  • Mild fever
  • Dry throat

    • Which of the following actions is considered unsafe when administering oral medications?

  • Crushing chewable tablets
  • Giving sublingual medications orally (correct)
  • Splitting scored tablets
  • Mixing open capsules with food

    • Which type of medication can be crushed safely?

  • Sustained-release tablets
  • Buccal tablets
  • Chewable medications (correct)
  • Enteric-coated tablets

    • How should medication ideally be administered to a child under 3 years old?

    <p>Pull the pinna downward and backward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a safe action regarding the handling of tablets?

    <p>Splitting scored tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pharmacokinetics, which form of drug absorbs fastest in the body?

    <p>Liquids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caution should be taken when administering oral drugs for a patient who is NPO?

    <p>Administer sublingual medications if appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an unsafe way to administer oral medications?

    <p>Crushing gel-coated tablets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first phase of drug action when taken orally?

    <p>Pharmaceutics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the movement of a drug from the bloodstream into body tissues?

    <p>Distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are drugs typically excreted from the body?

    <p>Via kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does NOT affect drug distribution?

    <p>Time of day administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chemical change a drug undergoes to enable its excretion?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacodynamics, what does drug efficacy refer to?

    <p>The ability to activate a receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is primarily responsible for drug metabolism?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'therapeutic index' signify?

    <p>The safety margin of a drug's dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors can influence the speed of drug metabolism?

    <p>Genetics and liver health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of enteric-coated drugs?

    <p>To resist disintegration in gastric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport requires energy to move drugs across cell membranes?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do excipients play in tablet formulation?

    <p>Control drug disintegration and release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is classified as a narrow therapeutic index drug?

    <p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action of a drug?

    <p>Length of time the drug exerts effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pharmacology primarily the study of?

    <p>The interaction of drugs with living organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the unwanted or unintended effects of a medication?

    <p>Side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes an adverse effect?

    <p>A severe and potentially life-threatening reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is drug toxicity primarily a result of?

    <p>Overdosage of medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is drug allergy characterized by?

    <p>Immunologic reaction to a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug name is a nonproprietary name approved by medical associations?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FDA is responsible for which of the following?

    <p>Regulating food and drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Republic Act No. 7394 focus on?

    <p>Consumer protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided when using a transdermal patch?

    <p>Movement or wrinkling of the patch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about drug tolerance is true?

    <p>It occurs in people with a low physiologic response to a drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of therapeutic effect?

    <p>It is the desired effect intended by the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mode of action (MoA) refer to in pharmacology?

    <p>Physiological change caused by a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act is known as the Special Law on Counterfeit Drugs in the Philippines?

    <p>Republic Act No. 8203</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a chemical name in pharmacology?

    <p>A name describing the atomic or chemical structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of antitussive drugs?

    <p>Suppress the cough reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nonnarcotic antitussives?

    <p>Numbing stretch receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is primarily used to increase bronchial dilation?

    <p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are sympathomimetics primarily used for in respiratory therapy?

    <p>Dilating bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of xanthine derivatives?

    <p>Gastrointestinal distress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication blocks the action of acetylcholine in the respiratory tract?

    <p>Anticholinergics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drugs work primarily by inhibiting MAO enzymes?

    <p>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a common characteristic of corticosteroids?

    <p>Have anti-inflammatory effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary risk associated with the use of anesthetics like propofol?

    <p>Respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In treating asthma, SABA are used primarily for which purpose?

    <p>Rescue during acute attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class is not used as an antitussive?

    <p>Bronchodilators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism of action does glucocorticoids utilize?

    <p>Reduce inflammatory substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of antidepressants classified as SSRIs?

    <p>Increasing serotonin availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using osmotic laxatives?

    <p>Promote water retention in the bowel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

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    Pharmacology in Nursing

    • Pharmacology: Study of drugs and their effects on living organisms
    • Basic Concepts: Drugs alter physiological processes, can stimulate or inhibit normal cellular function
    • Drug Classification:
      • Chemical structure (atomic arrangement)
      • Mechanism of action (interaction with target)
      • Mode of action (functional or anatomical change)
      • Indication (intended use)
    • Drug Names:
      • Generic/nonproprietary (approved by associations)
      • Brand/trade (manufacturer's name)
      • Chemical (describes atomic or molecular structure)
    • Drug Action:
      • Therapeutic effect (desired effect)
      • Side effect (secondary unintended effects)
      • Adverse effect (harmful, undesirable, severe)
      • Drug toxicity (harmful due to overdose)
      • Drug allergy (immunologic reaction)
      • Drug tolerance (reduced response over time)
    • Drug Regulation and Mandates:
      • FDA (Food and Drug Administration): licenses, monitors food, drugs, and cosmetics.
      • Republic Act No. 3720, 7394, 8203, 9165: Government regulations and mandates. Covers food, drugs, cosmetics and safety and efficacy standards.

    Drug Administration

    • Common Routes: Oral, contraindications includes vomiting, gastric suctioning, unconscious, or inability to swallow.
    • Unsafe Practices: Crushing enteric coated or coated tablets
    • Safe Practices: Use manufacturer's instructions
    • Oral Medication: Administering tablets, capsules

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Pharmaceutics phase: solid form dissolves to form a liquid form (disintegration and dissolution)
    • Pharmacokinetics phase: a. Absorption (drug enters bloodstream), b. Distribution (drug gets to target site), c. Metabolism (transformation/breakdown in body), and d. Excretion (removal from body).
    • Factors affecting dissolution: form, gastric pH, age
    • Absorption: physiological (blood flow, time, area) and physic-chemical (solubility, stability)
    • Passive transport: diffusion and facilitated diffusion
    • Metabolism: biotransformation, liver and cytochrome P450 enzyme, influences drug half-life
    • Drug Half-life: amount of drug eliminated and duration of elimination
    • Drug Excretion: removal of drug, through urine
    • Drug Toxicity: harmfulness due to overdosage

    Pharmacodynamics

    • Phase: study of drug action on body, Mimicking body's own chemicals
    • Dose-response Relationship: Drug affinity (binding to receptor), efficacy (response), and potency (dose needed).
    • Factors affecting biotransformation: genetic disposition, liver disease, age (infants and elders), environmental stressors
    • Drug Excretion: Drug removal from body, mainly through kidneys

    Therapeutic Index

    • Therapeutic Index: Ratio of toxic dose (TD50) to effective dose (ED50)
    • Narrow therapeutic index drugs: Careful monitoring, e.g., carbamazepine, warfarin.
    • Wide therapeutic index drugs: Generally safer, e.g., acetaminophen

    Respiratory Agents

    • Respiratory disorders: Upper (nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx) and lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchi, lungs)
    • Drugs for upper respiratory disorders: Antihistamines (H1 blockers) and decongestants (sympathomimetic amines).
    • Drugs for lower respiratory disorders: Bronchodilators(sympathomimetics, methylxanthines, Anticholinergics) and Expectorants

    Nervous System Agents

    • Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain, spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Somatic (voluntary) and autonomic (involuntary) nervous systems.
    • CNS stimulants: Amphetamines, anorexiants, analeptics
    • CNS depressants: Sedative-hypnotics, anesthetics, analgesics, anticonvulsants, anxiolytics, antidepressants

    Gastrointestinal Agents

    • Vomiting (emesis): Antihistamines, anticholinergics, dopamine antagonists, serotonin receptor antagonist
    • Diarrhea: Drugs to stop severity of diarrheal disorders (e.g., osmotic, bulk-forming).
    • Laxatives: Bulk-forming, surfactant, stimulant/contact, osmotic laxatives
    • Peptic Ulcer Treatment: Antacids, H2 receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors, mucosal protectants

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    Pharmacology in Nursing PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential concepts of pharmacology relevant to nursing. This quiz covers drug classifications, actions, names, and regulatory aspects. Test your knowledge on how drugs interact with living organisms and their physiological effects.

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