Questions and Answers
Which hormone is produced by the pituitary and causes uterine contractions during delivery?
What is a common side effect of finasteride used for BPH treatment?
Which medication is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment due to the risk of hepatotoxicity?
Which drug is primarily used for weight management?
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Emergency contraception is based on what key factor?
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Which medication is utilized for treating chronic constipation in opioid users with advanced cancer?
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What distinguishes antacids in terms of their action compared to other acid-reducing medications?
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Which medication helps to slow disease progression and is used with NSAIDs or steroids?
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What is the risk associated with taking high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy?
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What is a significant caution when using alendronate?
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Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with venous thromboembolism?
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What is the primary use of misoprostol?
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Which medication is associated with an increased risk of fractures when used long-term?
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What must be monitored when administering Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?
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Which of the following is an adverse effect associated with medroxyprogesterone?
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What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?
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Which drug can lengthen the QT interval and potentially cause dysrhythmias?
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What is a significant risk factor for hormone replacement therapy?
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What is a key consideration when administering norethindrone?
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What instructions should be given regarding the use of TPN?
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What is a serious adverse effect associated with sildenafil?
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What is the primary indication for terbutaline?
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Which option correctly identifies a vitamin deficiency associated with pregnancy and malabsorption disorders?
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Which medication is contraindicated for use with nitrates due to hypotension risk?
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What is a key characteristic of psyllium mucilloid as a treatment option?
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Which medication type is used to treat BPH and decrease nocturia?
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What is a potential side effect of taking oral contraceptives over age 35?
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What is a recommended precaution when using testosterone patches?
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What can cause decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives?
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What symptom may indicate insufficient water intake during enteral feedings?
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Study Notes
Hormones and Medications in Obstetrics and Urology
- Oxytocin: Produced by the pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions; administered during delivery and postpartum to prevent hemorrhaging; common side effect includes rapid, painful contractions.
- Finasteride: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); alleviates symptoms like nocturia; side effects may involve sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility.
- Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis; associated with hepatotoxicity; caution required in severe hepatic or renal impairment.
Medications for Weight Management and Emergency Contraception
- Orlistat: Prescribed for obesity management.
- Emergency Contraception: Selection based on the time elapsed since unprotected intercourse.
Gastrointestinal and Analgesic Medications
- Methylnaltrexone: Treats chronic constipation from advanced cancer with opioid use.
- Antacids: Provide onset relief for heartburn (20-40 minutes); absorption can be hindered if taken within 2 hours of other medications; they neutralize acid rather than reduce its production.
Disease-Modifying Medications and Steroids
- DMARDs: Slow the progression of diseases; often combined with NSAIDs or steroids to minimize inflammation and pain; increase risk of infections, bone marrow suppression, and hepatic fibrosis.
- 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Prevent testosterone conversion and shrink enlarged prostates.
Vitamins and Bone Health
- Vitamin A: Safe within recommended limits during pregnancy; excess intake can lead to fetal malformation.
- Alendronate: A bisphosphonate for osteoporosis; potential for esophageal ulceration; requires administration with a full glass of water and remaining upright for 30 minutes.
Tocolytics and Reproductive Health
- Magnesium Sulfate: Smooth muscle relaxant for preterm labor; overdose symptoms include sedation and decreased deep tendon reflexes; avoid alcohol.
- Terbutaline: Used in preterm labor; prolonged use (over 48-72 hours) can have serious fetal effects.
Erectile Dysfunction Medications
- Sildenafil: Treats erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension; contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk; potential for priapism as a serious side effect.
Laxatives and Constipation Treatments
- Stool Softeners: Increase water and fat absorption; used to alleviate constipation.
- Psyllium Mucilloid: First-line treatment for constipation; increases fluid intake is critical; may take days to work.
Nutritional Support and Vitamins
- Folic Acid: Deficiencies linked to pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders.
- H2 Receptor Antagonists: Treat duodenal ulcers and prevent recurrence.
Drug Interactions and Risks
- Oral Contraceptives: Effectiveness reduced by antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antifungals; increased thrombotic event risk; estradiol serves as an example.
- Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Contraindicated in history of venous thromboembolism; increased DVT risk with conjugated estrogen, particularly for women over 35.
Hormonal Therapies and Adverse Reactions
- Norethindrone: Daily administration is crucial for efficacy; can cause photosensitivity; St. John’s Wort may increase breakthrough bleeding.
- Sucralfate: Coats and heals gastric erosions; does not impact acid production.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastrointestinal Health
- PPIs: Block hydrochloric acid secretion; long-term use may increase fracture risk; symptom relief may take several days.
- Medroxyprogesterone: Long-acting contraceptive; administered deeply IM every 3 months; not indicated for depression; has increased thrombotic event risk.
Obstetric Patient Care
- Misoprostol: Inhibits gastric acid secretion and promotes mucous production; primarily used to prevent peptic ulcers.
- TPN: Requires central line administration; tubing changes every 24 hours; must be refrigerated and allowed to reach room temperature before administration; monitor blood sugar closely.
Hormone Replacement Therapy Risks
- Risks include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia.
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Description
Prepare for your pharmacology exam with this review quiz. It covers key hormonal medications and their effects, including oxytocin and finasteride. Test your knowledge on drug mechanisms, side effects, and clinical uses.
