Pharmacology Exam 4 Review
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Questions and Answers

Which hormone is produced by the pituitary and causes uterine contractions during delivery?

  • Estrogen
  • Oxytocin (correct)
  • Progesterone
  • Lactogen
  • What is a common side effect of finasteride used for BPH treatment?

  • Improved nocturia
  • Increased libido
  • Impaired fertility (correct)
  • Weight gain
  • Which medication is contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment due to the risk of hepatotoxicity?

  • Sulfasalazine (correct)
  • Methylnaltrexone
  • Alendronate
  • Orlistat
  • Which drug is primarily used for weight management?

    <p>Orlistat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Emergency contraception is based on what key factor?

    <p>Time frame since intercourse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is utilized for treating chronic constipation in opioid users with advanced cancer?

    <p>Methylnaltrexone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes antacids in terms of their action compared to other acid-reducing medications?

    <p>They neutralize stomach acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication helps to slow disease progression and is used with NSAIDs or steroids?

    <p>DMARDs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk associated with taking high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal malformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant caution when using alendronate?

    <p>Remain upright after taking the medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with venous thromboembolism?

    <p>Selective estrogen receptor modulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of misoprostol?

    <p>Prevention of peptic ulcers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is associated with an increased risk of fractures when used long-term?

    <p>PPI's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be monitored when administering Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)?

    <p>Blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an adverse effect associated with medroxyprogesterone?

    <p>Increased risk of myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of sucralfate?

    <p>Heals gastric erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can lengthen the QT interval and potentially cause dysrhythmias?

    <p>Ondansetron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for hormone replacement therapy?

    <p>Increased risk of deep vein thrombosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key consideration when administering norethindrone?

    <p>Increased risk of breakthrough bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What instructions should be given regarding the use of TPN?

    <p>Refrigerate the solution until use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious adverse effect associated with sildenafil?

    <p>Priapism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for terbutaline?

    <p>Tocolytics for preterm labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly identifies a vitamin deficiency associated with pregnancy and malabsorption disorders?

    <p>Folic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated for use with nitrates due to hypotension risk?

    <p>Sildenafil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of psyllium mucilloid as a treatment option?

    <p>Increased fluid intake requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication type is used to treat BPH and decrease nocturia?

    <p>Tamsulosin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential side effect of taking oral contraceptives over age 35?

    <p>Increased risk of blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended precaution when using testosterone patches?

    <p>Rotate the application site every 7 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives?

    <p>Antibiotics and antifungals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom may indicate insufficient water intake during enteral feedings?

    <p>Dry mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hormones and Medications in Obstetrics and Urology

    • Oxytocin: Produced by the pituitary; stimulates uterine contractions; administered during delivery and postpartum to prevent hemorrhaging; common side effect includes rapid, painful contractions.
    • Finasteride: Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); alleviates symptoms like nocturia; side effects may involve sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility.
    • Sulfasalazine: Used for ulcerative colitis; associated with hepatotoxicity; caution required in severe hepatic or renal impairment.

    Medications for Weight Management and Emergency Contraception

    • Orlistat: Prescribed for obesity management.
    • Emergency Contraception: Selection based on the time elapsed since unprotected intercourse.

    Gastrointestinal and Analgesic Medications

    • Methylnaltrexone: Treats chronic constipation from advanced cancer with opioid use.
    • Antacids: Provide onset relief for heartburn (20-40 minutes); absorption can be hindered if taken within 2 hours of other medications; they neutralize acid rather than reduce its production.

    Disease-Modifying Medications and Steroids

    • DMARDs: Slow the progression of diseases; often combined with NSAIDs or steroids to minimize inflammation and pain; increase risk of infections, bone marrow suppression, and hepatic fibrosis.
    • 5 Alpha Reductase Inhibitors: Prevent testosterone conversion and shrink enlarged prostates.

    Vitamins and Bone Health

    • Vitamin A: Safe within recommended limits during pregnancy; excess intake can lead to fetal malformation.
    • Alendronate: A bisphosphonate for osteoporosis; potential for esophageal ulceration; requires administration with a full glass of water and remaining upright for 30 minutes.

    Tocolytics and Reproductive Health

    • Magnesium Sulfate: Smooth muscle relaxant for preterm labor; overdose symptoms include sedation and decreased deep tendon reflexes; avoid alcohol.
    • Terbutaline: Used in preterm labor; prolonged use (over 48-72 hours) can have serious fetal effects.

    Erectile Dysfunction Medications

    • Sildenafil: Treats erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension; contraindicated with nitrates due to hypotension risk; potential for priapism as a serious side effect.

    Laxatives and Constipation Treatments

    • Stool Softeners: Increase water and fat absorption; used to alleviate constipation.
    • Psyllium Mucilloid: First-line treatment for constipation; increases fluid intake is critical; may take days to work.

    Nutritional Support and Vitamins

    • Folic Acid: Deficiencies linked to pregnancy, alcohol abuse, and malabsorption disorders.
    • H2 Receptor Antagonists: Treat duodenal ulcers and prevent recurrence.

    Drug Interactions and Risks

    • Oral Contraceptives: Effectiveness reduced by antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and antifungals; increased thrombotic event risk; estradiol serves as an example.
    • Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators: Contraindicated in history of venous thromboembolism; increased DVT risk with conjugated estrogen, particularly for women over 35.

    Hormonal Therapies and Adverse Reactions

    • Norethindrone: Daily administration is crucial for efficacy; can cause photosensitivity; St. John’s Wort may increase breakthrough bleeding.
    • Sucralfate: Coats and heals gastric erosions; does not impact acid production.

    Proton Pump Inhibitors and Gastrointestinal Health

    • PPIs: Block hydrochloric acid secretion; long-term use may increase fracture risk; symptom relief may take several days.
    • Medroxyprogesterone: Long-acting contraceptive; administered deeply IM every 3 months; not indicated for depression; has increased thrombotic event risk.

    Obstetric Patient Care

    • Misoprostol: Inhibits gastric acid secretion and promotes mucous production; primarily used to prevent peptic ulcers.
    • TPN: Requires central line administration; tubing changes every 24 hours; must be refrigerated and allowed to reach room temperature before administration; monitor blood sugar closely.

    Hormone Replacement Therapy Risks

    • Risks include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), myocardial infarction (MI), and dementia.

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    PHARM EXAM 4 REVIEW.docx

    Description

    Prepare for your pharmacology exam with this review quiz. It covers key hormonal medications and their effects, including oxytocin and finasteride. Test your knowledge on drug mechanisms, side effects, and clinical uses.

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