Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary location of liver cells in relation to capillaries for drug delivery?
What is the primary location of liver cells in relation to capillaries for drug delivery?
- Inside the capillaries extending from the central vein
- Right adjacent to the capillaries extending from the central vein (correct)
- Between the capillaries extending from the central vein and the peripheral vein
- Far away from the capillaries extending from the central vein
What is the primary purpose of Phase-II metabolism in biotransformation?
What is the primary purpose of Phase-II metabolism in biotransformation?
- To increase the overall polarity of a molecule (correct)
- To break down a molecule into smaller components
- To change the chemical structure of a molecule
- To decrease the overall polarity of a molecule
Where are the Cytochrome P450 enzymes primarily found in hepatocytes?
Where are the Cytochrome P450 enzymes primarily found in hepatocytes?
- Nucleus and cytoplasm
- Mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (correct)
- Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes and peroxisomes
How many gene families are responsible for drug metabolism among the 63 Cytochrome P450 genes?
How many gene families are responsible for drug metabolism among the 63 Cytochrome P450 genes?
What is the primary type of reaction in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the primary type of reaction in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the primary function of microsomes in liver metabolism?
What is the primary function of microsomes in liver metabolism?
Which of the following reactions is NOT an example of a Phase-I reaction?
Which of the following reactions is NOT an example of a Phase-I reaction?
Where can extrahepatic metabolism occur?
Where can extrahepatic metabolism occur?
What is the primary difference between microsomal and non-microsomal liver metabolism?
What is the primary difference between microsomal and non-microsomal liver metabolism?
What type of enzyme is involved in peptide bond hydrolysis?
What type of enzyme is involved in peptide bond hydrolysis?
What is the name of the enzyme involved in dehalogenation reactions?
What is the name of the enzyme involved in dehalogenation reactions?
What is the primary goal of drug metabolism?
What is the primary goal of drug metabolism?
Which organ is responsible for the majority of drug metabolism?
Which organ is responsible for the majority of drug metabolism?
What is the name of the functional unit in the liver where most metabolism takes place?
What is the name of the functional unit in the liver where most metabolism takes place?
What is the percentage of cardiac output that goes to the liver?
What is the percentage of cardiac output that goes to the liver?
What is the approximate blood flow rate to the liver?
What is the approximate blood flow rate to the liver?
How many liver lobules are present in the human liver?
How many liver lobules are present in the human liver?
Which type of reaction involves the conversion of the parent drug to a new molecule?
Which type of reaction involves the conversion of the parent drug to a new molecule?
What type of oxidation is mediated by Cytochrome P450 enzymes?
What type of oxidation is mediated by Cytochrome P450 enzymes?
Which of the following is an example of a Phase-II reaction?
Which of the following is an example of a Phase-II reaction?
What is the result of the acetylation process in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the result of the acetylation process in Phase-II metabolism?
Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of esters and amides?
Which enzyme is involved in the hydrolysis of esters and amides?
What is the prosthetic group used by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) for delivering oxygen?
What is the prosthetic group used by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) for delivering oxygen?
Which enzyme family is involved in reducing ethanol and other endogenous/exogenous alcohols?
Which enzyme family is involved in reducing ethanol and other endogenous/exogenous alcohols?
What is the primary function of Xanthine Oxidase?
What is the primary function of Xanthine Oxidase?
Which co-factor is used by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) for its catalytic activity?
Which co-factor is used by Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) for its catalytic activity?
What is the primary function of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) in neurotransmitter regulation?
What is the primary function of Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) in neurotransmitter regulation?
What is the primary type of reaction involved in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the primary type of reaction involved in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the name of the enzyme family primarily responsible for Phase-I metabolism?
What is the name of the enzyme family primarily responsible for Phase-I metabolism?
What is the purpose of Phase-II metabolism in biotransformation?
What is the purpose of Phase-II metabolism in biotransformation?
Where are the Cytochrome p450 enzymes primarily found in hepatocytes?
Where are the Cytochrome p450 enzymes primarily found in hepatocytes?
What is the major metabolizing organ responsible for drug metabolism?
What is the major metabolizing organ responsible for drug metabolism?
What is the primary function of UDP-glucuronyl transferase in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the primary function of UDP-glucuronyl transferase in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the role of CYP3A4 in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the role of CYP3A4 in Phase-I metabolism?
What is the purpose of acetylation in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the purpose of acetylation in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the result of glucuronidation in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the result of glucuronidation in Phase-II metabolism?
What is the purpose of Phase-II metabolism?
What is the purpose of Phase-II metabolism?
What is the direction of movement of small lipid-soluble molecules during passive diffusion?
What is the direction of movement of small lipid-soluble molecules during passive diffusion?
What is the primary function of human serum albumin (HSA) in the bloodstream?
What is the primary function of human serum albumin (HSA) in the bloodstream?
What is the characteristic of phospholipid molecules that allows them to form a membrane?
What is the characteristic of phospholipid molecules that allows them to form a membrane?
What is the result of a drug molecule binding to a plasma protein?
What is the result of a drug molecule binding to a plasma protein?
What is the primary factor that determines the ability of a molecule to cross a phospholipid membrane?
What is the primary factor that determines the ability of a molecule to cross a phospholipid membrane?
What is the primary mechanism that allows lipophilic molecules to pass through the plasma membrane?
What is the primary mechanism that allows lipophilic molecules to pass through the plasma membrane?
Which type of molecules have a harder time passing through the fatty cell membranes?
Which type of molecules have a harder time passing through the fatty cell membranes?
What is the characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows it to selectively permeable?
What is the characteristic of the plasma membrane that allows it to selectively permeable?
What is the primary function of active transport in the context of drug delivery?
What is the primary function of active transport in the context of drug delivery?
What is a characteristic of lipophilic molecules in the context of drug delivery?
What is a characteristic of lipophilic molecules in the context of drug delivery?
What is the direction of movement of molecules in active transport?
What is the direction of movement of molecules in active transport?
What is a characteristic of a saturable active transport system?
What is a characteristic of a saturable active transport system?
What is required for active transport to occur?
What is required for active transport to occur?
Which of the following is an example of a drug that is well-absorbed despite being an acid?
Which of the following is an example of a drug that is well-absorbed despite being an acid?
What type of molecules are more likely to be transported via active transport?
What type of molecules are more likely to be transported via active transport?
What is the primary purpose of plasma protein binding in pharmacokinetics?
What is the primary purpose of plasma protein binding in pharmacokinetics?
What is the primary determinant of passive diffusion across a phospholipid membrane?
What is the primary determinant of passive diffusion across a phospholipid membrane?
According to Fick's Law, what is the direction of diffusion?
According to Fick's Law, what is the direction of diffusion?
What is the optimal range of LogP for a compound to have high oral bioavailability?
What is the optimal range of LogP for a compound to have high oral bioavailability?
What is the definition of lipophilicity?
What is the definition of lipophilicity?
