Pharmacology Concepts and Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs?

Pharmacokinetics

Toxicology

Pharmacodynamics (correct)

Clinical pharmacology

Which of the following describes the process of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs?

Toxicology

Pharmacodynamics

Pharmacokinetics (correct)

Pharmacotherapeutics

What term refers to the proper selection and use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of disease?

Pharmacology

Pharmacotherapeutics (correct)

Pharmacodynamics

Clinical pharmacology

The federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs in the US is known as?

Food & Drug Administration (FDA) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'adverse effect' in pharmacology refer to?

An unintended action of a drug Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of pharmacology focuses on the undesired effects of drugs on biological processes?

Toxicology Signup and view all the answers

Which concept addresses the evaluation of a drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in humans?

Clinical pharmacology Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacology primarily concerned with?

The effects of drugs on living systems Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using a drug's generic name instead of its brand name?

Generic names help avoid confusion. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a pharmacologic class?

Beta-adrenergic blockers Signup and view all the answers

What does 'IM' signify in prescription writing?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Five Rights' of medication administration?

Right cost Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes controlled substances?

Usage and distribution are tightly controlled. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly matches the chemical name with its generic name?

Aminobenzyl Penicillin - Ampicillin Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of the prescription formatting components such as heading, body, and closing?

It ensures clarity and proper communication. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a trade name in pharmaceuticals?

To create a registered trademark for marketing purposes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Learning Objectives

Define key pharmacological terminologies.
Understand pharmacodynamics (effects of drugs on the body) and pharmacokinetics (how the body processes drugs).
Comprehend theoretical pharmacokinetics concepts: half-life, order of kinetics, steady state, and plasma concentration.
Recognize drug safety and effectiveness, including factors affecting drug action and possible adverse drug reactions.

Definitions

Pharmacology: Study of drugs, their effects on living systems, history, sources, physicochemical properties, dosage forms, administration methods, and adverse effects.
Drug: A substance that modifies physiological systems or pathological states for therapeutic benefit or diagnosis.
Pharmacokinetics (PK): Focus on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs; describes what the body does to drugs.
Pharmacodynamics (PD): Examines the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs; explains what drugs do to the body.
Pharmacotherapeutics: Involves the selection and proper use of drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases.
Toxicology: Part of pharmacology that studies the undesirable effects of drugs on biological processes.
Clinical Pharmacology: Systematic study of drugs in humans, assessing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and side effects.
Pharmacy: Branch of science related to preparing, preserving, compounding, and using drugs.

Regulatory Agencies

Food & Drug Administration (FDA): Federal agency responsible for ensuring drug safety and efficacy in the U.S., along with food and cosmetics oversight.

Adverse Effects

Adverse or Side-Effect: Unintended actions of a drug; can occur due to lack of specificity in drug action; all drugs may produce adverse effects.

Drug Names

Chemical Name: Describes a drug's chemical composition and molecular structure.
Generic Name: Nonproprietary name approved for the drug, provided by the United States Adopted Name Council.
Trade Name/Brand Name: Proprietary name with registered trademark, restricted by the manufacturer.

Drug Classification

Pharmacologic Class: Drugs sharing similar characteristics (e.g., beta-adrenergic blockers).
Therapeutic Class: Groups drugs based on therapeutic use (e.g., antihypertensives).

Prescription Writing Principles

Prescription: Written, verbal, or electronic order for medication for a specific patient.
Five Rights of Medication Administration:
- Right drug
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right patient

Prescription Formatting

Parts of Prescription:
- Heading
- Body
- Closing
Common Abbreviations:
- Tablets - tab, Capsules - cap, Syrup - syr, Injection - Inj, etc.

Routes of Administration

PO: by mouth, PR: per rectum, IM: intramuscular, IV: intravenous, ID: intradermal, IN: intranasal, TP: topical, SL: sublingual, BUCC: buccal, IP: intraperitoneal.

Controlled Substances

Defined as prescription drugs with tightly controlled use and distribution due to abuse potential or associated risks; regulation is more stringent.

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Description

This quiz covers essential terminologies in pharmacology, focusing on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Students will explore drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and understand key concepts such as half-life and adverse drug reactions. Prepare to test your knowledge on drug safety and effectiveness.