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Questions and Answers
What is defined as the study of the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs?
Which of the following describes the process of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs?
What term refers to the proper selection and use of drugs for the prevention and treatment of disease?
The federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs in the US is known as?
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What does the term 'adverse effect' in pharmacology refer to?
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Which branch of pharmacology focuses on the undesired effects of drugs on biological processes?
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Which concept addresses the evaluation of a drug's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data in humans?
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What is pharmacology primarily concerned with?
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What is the primary reason for using a drug's generic name instead of its brand name?
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Which of the following is an example of a pharmacologic class?
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What does 'IM' signify in prescription writing?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Five Rights' of medication administration?
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What characterizes controlled substances?
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Which of the following correctly matches the chemical name with its generic name?
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What is the importance of the prescription formatting components such as heading, body, and closing?
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What is the purpose of a trade name in pharmaceuticals?
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Study Notes
Learning Objectives
- Define key pharmacological terminologies.
- Understand pharmacodynamics (effects of drugs on the body) and pharmacokinetics (how the body processes drugs).
- Comprehend theoretical pharmacokinetics concepts: half-life, order of kinetics, steady state, and plasma concentration.
- Recognize drug safety and effectiveness, including factors affecting drug action and possible adverse drug reactions.
Definitions
- Pharmacology: Study of drugs, their effects on living systems, history, sources, physicochemical properties, dosage forms, administration methods, and adverse effects.
- Drug: A substance that modifies physiological systems or pathological states for therapeutic benefit or diagnosis.
- Pharmacokinetics (PK): Focus on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs; describes what the body does to drugs.
- Pharmacodynamics (PD): Examines the biological and therapeutic effects of drugs; explains what drugs do to the body.
- Pharmacotherapeutics: Involves the selection and proper use of drugs for prevention and treatment of diseases.
- Toxicology: Part of pharmacology that studies the undesirable effects of drugs on biological processes.
- Clinical Pharmacology: Systematic study of drugs in humans, assessing pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, safety, efficacy, and side effects.
- Pharmacy: Branch of science related to preparing, preserving, compounding, and using drugs.
Regulatory Agencies
- Food & Drug Administration (FDA): Federal agency responsible for ensuring drug safety and efficacy in the U.S., along with food and cosmetics oversight.
Adverse Effects
- Adverse or Side-Effect: Unintended actions of a drug; can occur due to lack of specificity in drug action; all drugs may produce adverse effects.
Drug Names
- Chemical Name: Describes a drug's chemical composition and molecular structure.
- Generic Name: Nonproprietary name approved for the drug, provided by the United States Adopted Name Council.
- Trade Name/Brand Name: Proprietary name with registered trademark, restricted by the manufacturer.
Drug Classification
- Pharmacologic Class: Drugs sharing similar characteristics (e.g., beta-adrenergic blockers).
- Therapeutic Class: Groups drugs based on therapeutic use (e.g., antihypertensives).
Prescription Writing Principles
- Prescription: Written, verbal, or electronic order for medication for a specific patient.
-
Five Rights of Medication Administration:
- Right drug
- Right dose
- Right time
- Right route
- Right patient
Prescription Formatting
-
Parts of Prescription:
- Heading
- Body
- Closing
-
Common Abbreviations:
- Tablets - tab, Capsules - cap, Syrup - syr, Injection - Inj, etc.
Routes of Administration
- PO: by mouth, PR: per rectum, IM: intramuscular, IV: intravenous, ID: intradermal, IN: intranasal, TP: topical, SL: sublingual, BUCC: buccal, IP: intraperitoneal.
Controlled Substances
- Defined as prescription drugs with tightly controlled use and distribution due to abuse potential or associated risks; regulation is more stringent.
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Description
This quiz covers essential terminologies in pharmacology, focusing on pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Students will explore drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and understand key concepts such as half-life and adverse drug reactions. Prepare to test your knowledge on drug safety and effectiveness.
