Pharmacology: Common Drug Reactions and Terminologies

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of pharmacokinetics?

What the body does to drugs, encompassing drug interactions and metabolism (correct)

The process by which a drug is metabolized in the liver

The process by which a drug passively diffuses through the cell membrane

The process by which a drug binds to its target receptor

What enhances drug absorption according to the text?

Pain

Rich blood supply (correct)

Stress

Exercise

Which factor affects drug absorption by causing the drug to remain longer in the stomach?

Foods

Blood Flow

Pain (correct)

Exercise

In what type of environment are acidic drugs best absorbed according to the text?

Acidic environment Signup and view all the answers

How does exercise affect drug absorption, based on the information provided?

Decreases blood circulation to the muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the conjoint effect of two drugs being less than the effect of each drug acting separately?

Drug antagonism Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug?

Cumulative effect Signup and view all the answers

In pharmacokinetics, what is the term for the decreased physiological response to repeated drug administration?

Drug tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the effect when two drugs are taken together, resulting in a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects?

Synergism Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well-being?

Habituation Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the unexpected peculiar response to a drug?

Idiosyncratic effect Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is no longer recommended for intramuscular injections due to the discomfort and pain it may cause?

Rectus femoris Signup and view all the answers

Which type of solution has a lower osmotic pressure compared to another solution?

Hypertonic solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the most rapid route of absorption of medications?

Intravenous route Signup and view all the answers

What is a complication of IV infusion where the needle is out of the vein?

Infiltration Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention should be performed if pain, swelling, or decreased IV flow rate is observed during IV infusion?

Change the site of the needle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anaphylactic Reaction and Drug Effects

Anaphylactic reaction is a severe allergic reaction that occurs immediately after drug administration.
Drug tolerance refers to a decreased physiologic response to repeated administration of a drug or chemically related substance.
Cumulative effect is the increasing response to repeated doses of a drug.
Idiosyncratic effect is an unexpected peculiar response to a drug.
Drug abuse is the inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically.
Drug dependence is a person's reliance or need to take a drug or substance.
Addiction is caused by biochemical changes in body tissues, especially the nervous system.
Habituation is emotional reliance on a drug to maintain a sense of well-being.

Drug Interactions

Drug interaction occurs when the effects of one drug are modified by the prior or concurrent administration of another drug.
Drug antagonism is when the conjoint effect of two drugs is less than the effect of each drug acting separately.
Summation is when the combined effect of two drugs equals the sum of the individual effects of each agent.
Synergism is when the combined effects of drugs are greater than the sum of each individual agent acting independently.
Potentiation is when the concurrent administration of two drugs increases the effect of one drug.

Therapeutic Actions of Drugs

Palliative actions relieve the symptoms of a disease but do not affect the disease itself.
Curative actions treat a disease or condition.
Supportive actions sustain body functions until other treatments or the body's response can take over.
Substitutive actions replace body fluids or substances.
Chemotherapeutic actions destroy malignant cells.
Restorative actions return the body's health.

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics refers to what the body does to drugs and encompasses all issues of drug interactions and drug clearance metabolism.
Absorption is the process by which a drug passes from its site of administration into the bloodstream.
Factors that affect drug absorption include blood flow, pain, stress, foods, exercise, nature of the absorbing surface, solubility of the drug, and pH.
IM injection sites commonly used are the deltoid, dorsogluteal, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and ventrogluteal muscles.
Types of muscle include striated muscle (skeletal muscle), smooth muscle (internal organs), and cardiac muscle.

Intravenous Route

The intravenous route is the most rapid route of absorption of medications.
Isotonic solutions are IV fluids that have a similar concentration of dissolved particles as blood.
Complications of IV infusion include infiltration, which occurs when the needle is out of the vein.
Signs of infiltration include pain, swelling, skin is cold at the needle site, pallor of the site, and a decrease or stop in the flow of IV rate.
Nursing interventions for infiltration include changing the site of the needle.

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Description

Test your knowledge on common drug reactions and terminologies in pharmacology. Explore concepts such as anaphylactic reaction, drug tolerance, cumulative effect, idiosyncratic effect, drug abuse, and drug dependence.