Pharmacology Chapter Review

Study Notes

Pharmacology Review Questions

Drug Elimination in Urine: Sulfonamide is eliminated in alkaline urine, while amphetamine is eliminated in acidic urine.
Enzyme Inhibitors: Tobacco smoking is an enzyme inhibitor.
Drug Interactions: Combining drugs can lead to drug accumulation, synergism (enhanced effect), tachyphylaxis (rapid decrease in drug response), or tolerance (resistance to drug's effect).
Noradrenaline Receptors: Noradrenaline can activate both alpha and beta receptors, not just one type.
Isoproterenol Action: Isoproterenol is a sympathomimetic drug acting directly on beta-adrenergic receptors.
Local Hemostatic/Nasal Decongestant: Adrenaline is a local hemostatic, nasal decongestant, and direct-acting catecholamine.
Bioavailability: Bioavailability refers to the fraction of an uncharged drug reaching the systemic circulation after administration, regardless of the route.
Drug-Drug Interaction Types: Pharmacokinetic interactions affect absorption, biotransformation, distribution, and excretion.
Drug Administration Routes: The intra-thecal route is preferred for administering drugs directly into the spinal cord.
Conjugation: Conjugation is the process of coupling a drug with an endogenous substrate, such as glucuronic acid.
Drug Half-Life (t 1/2): The half-life (t1/2) is the time needed for a drug in plasma to reduce by half during elimination.
Agonist Definition: An agonist is a drug that binds to a receptor and initiates specific effects(changes in cell function.)
Chemical Antagonism Definition: Chemical antagonism is when one drug combines with another to form an inactive compound.
Additional Pharmacology Terms and Definitions: The remaining questions cover various pharmacology concepts, including drug actions, mechanisms of action, drug interactions, clinical uses, and more. These details are crucial for comprehensive drug knowledge.