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Pharmacology Chapter on Drug Absorption

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Questions and Answers

What happens to an oral drug after it is absorbed across the GI tract?

It is excreted without entering any circulation.

It first enters the portal circulation before systemic circulation. (correct)

It directly enters systemic circulation.

It is metabolized before entering the portal circulation.

What effect does rapid metabolism of a drug have on its active ingredient in systemic circulation?

More of the active ingredient reaches systemic circulation.

It has no effect on the active ingredient.

Less of the active ingredient reaches systemic circulation. (correct)

It enhances absorption of the active ingredient.

Why are very hydrophilic drugs poorly absorbed in the body?

They cannot be metabolized in the liver.

They are unable to cross lipid-rich cell membranes. (correct)

They are too hydrophobic to enter systemic circulation.

They dissolve too quickly in aqueous body fluids.

What is the ideal solubility characteristic for good drug absorption?

<p>Hydrophobic with some water solubility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the solubility of most drugs?

<p>They are weak acids or bases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Absorption and Metabolism

Oral drugs initially enter portal circulation before reaching systemic circulation.
Rapid metabolism in the liver can significantly reduce the active drug amount in systemic circulation.
Example: Nitroglycerine is highly metabolized, with 90% cleared through the liver; therefore, it is administered sublingually.

Drug Solubility and Absorption

Very hydrophilic (water-loving) drugs struggle to cross lipid-rich cell membranes, leading to poor absorption.
Highly hydrophobic (water-repelling) drugs have low absorption due to insolubility in aqueous body fluids.
Effective drug absorption requires a balance; drugs should be hydrophobic yet possess some water solubility.
Most pharmaceutical drugs are classified as weak acids or bases, which influences their absorption properties.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts of drug absorption across the gastrointestinal tract, including the effects of the portal circulation and the first-pass metabolism. Key examples illustrate the impact of drug solubility on absorption. Test your knowledge on how different factors influence drug efficacy in systemic circulation.