B. Addiction Management
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential cardiovascular effect of high concentrations of adrenergic reuptake inhibitors?

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypothermia

    • What is the priority treatment for critical hypertension associated with methamphetamine intoxication?

  • Benzodiazepines (correct)
  • Opioids
  • Antipsychotics
  • Beta-blockers

    • Which gastrointestinal symptoms may occur following ingestion of high concentrations of adrenergic agents?

  • Constipation
  • Dysphagia
  • Increased appetite
  • Nausea (correct)

    • What should be avoided in the management of critical hypertension in the context of methamphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Pure beta-blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can fatal poisoning from adrenergic agents lead to?

    <p>Convulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended measure for hyperthermia in methamphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Evaporative cooling measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient does not have IV access, which medication can be administered intramuscularly for sedation?

    <p>Midazolam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the max heart rate above which benzodiazepines are indicated for tachycardia treatment?

    <p>180 bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary clinical use of CBI receptor agonists?

    <p>To reduce intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adverse effects are associated with the use of dronabinol?

    <p>Neuropsychiatric effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a symptom of MDMA withdrawal?

    <p>High energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interaction can occur when CBI receptor agonists are used with disulfiram or metronidazole?

    <p>Disulfiram-like reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action for MDMA?

    <p>5HT2A and D2 receptor agonism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following side effects is specifically associated with dronabinol in cancer patients?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these effects is commonly experienced during MDMA intoxication?

    <p>Hyperactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does dronabinol primarily help terminally ill patients?

    <p>By providing pain relief</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one mechanism through which hallucinogens cause their effects?

    <p>Inhibit dopamine and serotonin reuptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with the intoxication of phencyclidine?

    <p>Nystagmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a life-threatening effect of hallucinogen intoxication?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)?

    <p>5-HT 2A serotonin receptor agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is appropriate for managing severe agitation in hallucinogen intoxication?

    <p>Sedation with benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with LSD intoxication?

    <p>Social withdrawal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with amphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Severe drowsiness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is recommended for psychotic symptoms caused by LSD intoxication?

    <p>First-generation antipsychotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the pharmacological effect of methamphetamines?

    <p>Cascading release of norepinephrine and dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with cannabis intoxication?

    <p>Hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological effects can result from the dosage of hallucinogens?

    <p>Dose-dependent effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic withdrawal symptom of cannabis?

    <p>Irritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of drug use associated with phencyclidine?

    <p>Analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cannabis intoxication, which of the following effects is commonly experienced?

    <p>Perception of slowed time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred first-line treatment for anxiety resulting from LSD intoxication?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following findings is least likely during cannabis intoxication?

    <p>Hypersomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes addiction from dependence?

    <p>Addiction is characterized by losing control over drug use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does dopamine play in drug use?

    <p>It increases feelings of satisfaction and happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological change occurs with drug tolerance?

    <p>The brain becomes less responsive to the drug over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do drugs influence calmodulin-related genes?

    <p>Drugs result in decreased activity of these genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during withdrawal from a drug?

    <p>The body adjusts to being without the drug, showing symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common withdrawal symptom experienced after cessation of caffeine?

    <p>Difficulty concentrating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following effects is primarily associated with cocaine intoxication?

    <p>Mydriasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential severe consequence of methamphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Cardiac arrest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly used for managing agitation in the context of amphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Benzodiazepines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of nicotine?

    <p>Central nicotinic acetylcholine receptor stimulant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is characteristic of nicotine withdrawal?

    <p>Restlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom can occur due to long-term cocaine use?

    <p>Perforated nasal septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential effect of amphetamine intoxication?

    <p>Tactile hallucinations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of alcohol intoxication?

    <p>Euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does withdrawal from barbiturates primarily cause?

    <p>Delirium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a key treatment for opioid overdose?

    <p>Naloxone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is typically seen in opioid withdrawal?

    <p>Cold turkey</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is associated with benzodiazepines?

    <p>Increasing frequency of chloride channel opening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common intoxication symptom of inhalants?

    <p>Ataxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common psychological symptoms associated with cannabis intoxication?

    <p>Impaired judgment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What withdrawal symptoms are associated with benzodiazepines?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is NOT commonly experienced during MDMA intoxication?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of alcohol withdrawal?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes addiction from dependence?

    <p>Addiction involves repeated substance use despite adverse consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the life-threatening effects associated with MDMA use?

    <p>Hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic withdrawal symptom of cannabis?

    <p>Insomnia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common symptom of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication?

    <p>Nystagmus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect is often observed during cannabis intoxication?

    <p>Conjunctival injection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism of action does MDMA primarily utilize?

    <p>Blocks reuptake of 5HT and DA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Drugs of Abuse - Management High-Yield

    • Hallucinogens:

      • Mechanism of Action (MOA): 5-HT 2A serotonin receptor agonist. Increased serotonin concentrations in synaptic cleft cause hallucinations.
      • Intoxication symptoms: visual and auditory perceptual distortions, depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, flashbacks, and mydriasis (pupil dilation).
      • Treatment: Supportive care, reassurance, first-generation antipsychotics for psychotic symptoms, and benzodiazepines for anxiety.

    • Cannabis/Cannabinoids:

      • MOA: Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) interacts with CB1 and CB2 receptors, inhibiting adenylate cyclase. CB1 receptor agonist.
      • Intoxication: Euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, slowed time perception, impaired judgment, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, conjunctival injection, and hallucinations.
      • Withdrawal: Irritability, anxiety, depression, insomnia, restlessness, and decreased appetite.
      • Treatment: Symptomatic treatment for intoxication, and psychosocial support and interventions for withdrawal.

    • Medical Marijuana (Dronabinol):

      • MOA: Synthetic cannabinoid, CB1 receptor agonist.
      • Clinical Use: Used to increase appetite, treat nausea/vomiting in terminally ill patients, in patients with AIDS, and in patients with glaucoma to reduce intraocular pressure.
      • Adverse Effects: neuropsychiatric effects (exacerbation of mania, depression, or schizophrenia), hemodynamic instability (hypotension, hypertension, syncope, tachycardia), seizures, abuse of dronabinol, and paradoxical nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain.
      • Interaction with Disulfiram and Metronidazole: Can cause disulfiram-like reactions (abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, flushing).

    • MDMA (Ecstasy):

      • MOA: 5HT2A and D2 receptor agonist. Increased serotonin and dopamine concentrations in the synaptic cleft; serotonin and dopamine reuptake inhibitors.
      • Intoxication: Euphoria, hallucinations, disinhibition, hyperactivity, increased thirst, bruxism, distorted sense of time, widened pupils, and life-threatening effects include hypertension, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, and serotonin syndrome.
      • Withdrawal: Depression, fatigue, change in appetite, difficulty concentrating, and anxiety.

    • Phencyclidine (PCP):

      • MOA: NMDA receptor antagonist.
      • Intoxication: Violence, nystagmus, impulsivity, psychomotor agitation, tachycardia, hypertension, analgesia, psychosis, delirium, and seizures.
      • Treatment: Reduce environmental stimuli, gastric lavage to increase drug elimination, supportive care, sedation with benzodiazepines (for severe agitation), or haloperidol (if psychotic symptoms present).

    • Methamphetamine:

      • MOA: Triggers norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin release; acts as a dopamine and adrenergic reuptake inhibitor. In high concentrations, acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
      • Intoxication: Restlessness, tremors, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, hostility, hallucinations, panic states, hyperthermia, rhabdomyolysis, fatigue, and depression.
      • Cardiovascular effects: Arrhythmias (tachycardia), hypertension or hypotension, and circulatory collapse.
      • Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
      • Fatal poisoning : convusions
      • Treatment: Agitation management using benzodiazepines. Critical hypertension requires benzodiazepines, nitropusside, phentolamine (avoid pure beta-blockers). Additional measures include evaporative cooling measures, cooling blankets, and neuromuscular paralysis. Be mindful not to give antipyretics.

    • CNS Depressants (Alcohol):

      • MOA: GABA-A receptor positive allosteric modulator.
      • Intoxication: Emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts. AST (aspartate aminotransferase) value is 2x ALT. Causes severe CNS depression, respiratory depression, death.
      • Withdrawal: Agitation, anxiety, withdrawal seizures, tremors, diaphoresis, GI symptoms, delusions, hallucinations, and delirium tremens.
      • Treatment: Supportive care (e.g., fluids, antiemetics). Longer-acting benzodiazepines for withdrawal symptoms.

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    Drugs of Abuse Management High-Yield PDF
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    Description

    Explore the effects and treatment related to adrenergic agents in this pharmacology quiz. Questions cover critical hypertension, gastrointestinal symptoms, and specific management protocols for toxicities. Test your knowledge on this essential topic in drug interactions and patient care.

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