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Questions and Answers
Which receptors do epinephrine and norepinephrine primarily target?
Which receptors do epinephrine and norepinephrine primarily target?
- Selective β1 adrenoreceptor
- Selective β1 adrenoreceptor
- Selective α1 adrenoreceptor
- Nonselective α1,2 and β1,2 adrenoreceptors (correct)
What is the clinical use of phenylephrine?
What is the clinical use of phenylephrine?
- Mydriatic effect (correct)
- Bronchodilator
- Vasoconstrictive in anaphylactic shock
- Cardiotonic in anesthetics
What side effect is associated with high doses of epinephrine?
What side effect is associated with high doses of epinephrine?
- Bronchodilation
- Local hemostatic effect
- Metabolic effect (Glycogenolysis)
- Vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure (correct)
What side effect is associated with phenylephrine in acute hypotension?
What side effect is associated with phenylephrine in acute hypotension?
What is the mechanism of action of adrenopositive agents?
What is the mechanism of action of adrenopositive agents?
Which adrenoreceptor agonist primarily targets selective α1 receptors?
Which adrenoreceptor agonist primarily targets selective α1 receptors?
What is the clinical use of nonselective α1,2 and selective β1 adrenoreceptor agonists?
What is the clinical use of nonselective α1,2 and selective β1 adrenoreceptor agonists?
Which side effect is associated with high doses of epinephrine?
Which side effect is associated with high doses of epinephrine?
What is the primary clinical use of adrenopositive agents in anaphylactic shock?
What is the primary clinical use of adrenopositive agents in anaphylactic shock?
Which adrenoreceptor agonist has a mydriatic effect?
Which adrenoreceptor agonist has a mydriatic effect?
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Receptors and Agonists
- Epinephrine and norepinephrine primarily target α and β receptors.
Phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine is used clinically to treat acute hypotension.
- High doses of phenylephrine can cause increased blood pressure, leading to headache and cardiac arrhythmias.
Epinephrine
- High doses of epinephrine can cause anxiety, tremors, and palpitations.
- Epinephrine is used clinically to treat anaphylactic shock.
Mechanism of Action
- Adrenopositive agents act by stimulating adrenergic receptors, increasing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system.
Selective Adrenergic Agonists
- Phenylephrine is a selective α1 receptor agonist.
- Nonselective α1,2 and selective β1 adrenoreceptor agonists are used clinically to treat hypotension and heart failure.
Adrenergic Agonists and Side Effects
- High doses of epinephrine can cause anxiety, tremors, and palpitations.
Mydriatic Effect
- Phenylephrine has a mydriatic effect, causing pupil dilation.
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