Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biguanides, such as Metformin?
What is the primary mechanism of action of Biguanides, such as Metformin?
What percentage of diabetes mellitus cases are estimated to be Type 1 Diabetes?
What percentage of diabetes mellitus cases are estimated to be Type 1 Diabetes?
What is a common side effect of Metformin?
What is a common side effect of Metformin?
What is the expected effect of Metformin on HbA1C levels?
What is the expected effect of Metformin on HbA1C levels?
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What is a contraindication for the use of Metformin?
What is a contraindication for the use of Metformin?
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What is a clinical pearl to keep in mind when using Metformin?
What is a clinical pearl to keep in mind when using Metformin?
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Study Notes
Diabetes Mellitus
- Diabetes Mellitus is a disease in which insulin, a hormone that secretes glucose for energy, is insufficient or ineffective.
DM1 vs DM2
- DM1 is often seen in children, also known as "Kitsis".
- DM2 accounts for 90% of all diabetes cases.
Oral Treatment Options
- Biguanides: a class of medications used to treat diabetes.
- Medication: Metformin.
- Mechanism of Action (MOA): decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, and improves insulin sensitivity.
- Effects:
- Weight Neutral.
- Lowers HbA1C by 1-2%.
- Side Effects:
- Diarrhea.
- Nausea.
- Flatulence.
- Vitamin B12 Deficiency, which can lead to anemia if left untreated.
- Clinical Pearls:
- Contraindicated in severe renal dysfunction (eGFR < 30 mL/min).
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Description
This quiz covers the treatment options for diabetes mellitus, including oral and injectable medications, as well as different types of insulin. It is part of a pharmacology course.
