Pharmacology Chapter 5 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How should alcohol suspensions be stored?

Tightly capped and kept in a dark place.

What should fluid extracts be measured with?

A dropper or medicine glass.

When should suspensions be shaken?

Before every use.

How should liniments be administered?

Rubbed topically/on the skin. Signup and view all the answers

Examples of solids and semi-solid medications?

Solids- pills and vitamins; semi-solid- suppositories and vaseline. Signup and view all the answers

How should lotions be administered?

Patted or blotted onto the skin. Signup and view all the answers

How must an ointment be labeled if it is to be instilled into the eyes?

Sterile- For Ophthalmic use. Signup and view all the answers

What precaution must be taken when using delayed release tablets?

Never to crush, open, or empty the capsule into food or liquid. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for delayed release capsules?

Timed release or sustained release. Signup and view all the answers

Where do enteric coated capsules dissolve?

In the intestines. Signup and view all the answers

Where do troches and lozenges dissolve?

In the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

Where are sublingual medications given?

Under the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

Name three places suppositories can be administered.

Rectally, vaginally, and in the urethra. Signup and view all the answers

Who can administer parenteral medications?

Physicians, registered nurses, and specially trained paramedics. Signup and view all the answers

What should medication orders include?

Patient's full name, date, name of the drug, dosage, route of administration, time and frequency, physician's signature, number of refills and quantity, physician's DEA number. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of drug orders?

Routine, Standing, PRN (as needed), Verbal, Telephone, fax, computerized. Signup and view all the answers

What are The Seven Rights: Rules for giving medications?

Right drug, Right dose, Right patient, Right route, Right time, Right technique, Right documentation. Signup and view all the answers

What information is included on a medication label?

Storage information, Total number in the container, Route of administration, National drug code, Trade name, Generic name, United States Pharmacopeia, Manufacturer, Dosage strength, Warning label, Form of drug. Signup and view all the answers

What are the forms of drug preparations?

Liquid, semi-liquid, solid, semi-solid. Signup and view all the answers

What are the forms of liquid or semi-liquid medication?

Solution, suspension. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of solutions?

Tincture, Fluidextract, Elixir, Spirits, Syrup, Fluid. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of suspensions?

Magmas, Emulsions, Gels. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of solids and semi-solids?

Capsule, Enteric coated capsule, Tablet, Troches or lozenges, Suppository, Ointment. Signup and view all the answers

What does q2h stand for?

Every 2 hours. Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for 50 milligrams?

50 mg. Signup and view all the answers

What does 2 tabs indicate?

2 tablets. Signup and view all the answers

What does 0800 mean?

8:00 am. Signup and view all the answers

What does 1200 mean?

12:00 pm. Signup and view all the answers

What does 1600 mean?

4:00 pm. Signup and view all the answers

What does 2000 mean?

8:00 pm. Signup and view all the answers

What does BID stand for?

Twice a day. Signup and view all the answers

What does pc stand for?

After meals. Signup and view all the answers

What does sp stand for?

Spirits. Signup and view all the answers

What does fld.ext stand for?

Fluid extract. Signup and view all the answers

What does subl stand for?

Sublingual. Signup and view all the answers

What does subcut stand for?

Subcutaneous. Signup and view all the answers

What does buc mean?

Buccal- inside the cheek. Signup and view all the answers

What does per mean?

By means of. Signup and view all the answers

What does PRN stand for?

As necessary. Signup and view all the answers

What does QID stand for?

Four times a day. Signup and view all the answers

What does IM stand for?

Intramuscular. Signup and view all the answers

What does NPO mean?

Nothing by mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does ID stand for?

Intradermal. Signup and view all the answers

What is Parenteral?

Injecting a drug into the body with a needle or syringe. Signup and view all the answers

Controlled substances cannot be dispensed without what?

DEA number. Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for self-terminating orders?

Automatic stop orders. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Storage and Administration of Medications

Alcohol suspensions should be stored tightly capped in a dark place to maintain potency.
Fluid extracts must be measured using a dropper or medicine glass for precision.
Suspensions should always be shaken before every use to ensure even distribution of active ingredients.
Liniments are administered topically by rubbing them on the skin.
Lotions should be applied by patting or blotting onto the skin, avoiding rubbing like moisturizer.

Types of Medications

Solid medications include pills and vitamins, while semi-solid examples are suppositories and Vaseline.
Ointments for eye use must be labeled as "Sterile - For Ophthalmic use" to ensure safety.
Delayed release tablets should never be crushed or divided; this preserves their timed release properties.
Delayed release capsules are also referred to as timed release or sustained release.
Enteric coated capsules dissolve specifically in the intestines, providing controlled release.
Troches and lozenges dissolve in the mouth, providing localized effects.
Sublingual medications are placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.
Suppositories can be administered rectally, vaginally, or in the urethra for various treatments.

Administration Guidelines

Parenteral medications can only be administered by qualified personnel such as physicians, registered nurses, and trained paramedics.
Medication orders should include the patient's full name, drug name, dosage, route, frequency, physician's signature, refills, and DEA number.
Types of drug orders include:
- Routine: Until a termination order is given.
- Standing: For use when the physician is unavailable.
- PRN (as needed): Taken by patient discretion.
- Verbal: Must be confirmed and documented quickly.

The Seven Rights of Medication Administration

Right Drug: Only administer drugs prepared by oneself and verify the label three times.
Right Dose: Stay with the patient until medication is taken to ensure accuracy.
Right Patient: Always confirm the identity of the patient receiving medication.
Right Route: Document how the medication was given, such as orally or rectally.
Right Time: Ensure medication is administered at the correct time.
Right Technique: Use proper methods for administration.
Right Documentation: Document all medications administered as soon as possible.

Medication Labeling

A medication label should include:
- Storage information
- Total quantity in the container
- Route of administration
- National Drug Code
- Trade and generic names
- Dosage strength and warning labels
- Form of drug preparation

Drug Preparations

Common forms of drug preparations categorized by consistency:
- Liquid, semi-liquid, solid, and semi-solid.
Liquid forms include solutions and suspensions, requiring different handling and storage methods.
Solutions can be further classified into tinctures, fluid extracts, elixirs, spirits, syrups, and fluids for IV solutions.
Suspensions include magmas, emulsions, gels, liniments, lotions, and aerosols, which require shaking before use.
Solid forms include capsules (both standard and enteric coated), tablets, troches, and suppositories, with specific guidelines regarding their administration.

Abbreviations and Dosing

Common medication abbreviations include:
- q2h = every 2 hours
- BID = twice a day
- NPO = nothing by mouth
- PRN = as needed
- QID = four times a day
50 mg denotes a medication strength of 50 milligrams.
2 tabs indicates two tablets.
Times like 0800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 correspond to 8:00 am, 12:00 pm, 4:00 pm, and 8:00 pm respectively.

Controlled Substances

Controlled substances cannot be dispensed without a DEA number, which is crucial for regulatory compliance.
"Automatic stop orders" is another term for self-terminating orders, which automatically discontinue after a designated period.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts in pharmacology with these flashcards focusing on Chapter 5. Covering topics like the storage of alcohol suspensions and the measurement of fluid extracts, these flashcards will help reinforce your understanding of essential information in the field.