Pharmacology Basics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is John's Wort primarily indicated for?

  • Severe insomnia
  • Mild depression (correct)
  • Severe anxiety
  • Chronic pain relief

    • Which of the following is a common side effect of Valerian?

  • Increased appetite
  • Constipation
  • Dry mouth
  • Drowsiness (correct)

    • For which condition is John's Wort contraindicated?

  • Chronic fatigue
  • Cocaine use (correct)
  • Seasonal affective disorder
  • Mild headaches

    • What is the primary neurotransmitter affected by Valerian?

    <p>GABA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which circumstance would contraindicate the use of Valerian?

    <p>Breastfeeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pharmacology?

    <p>The study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an ideal drug?

    <p>Is expensive and hard to obtain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a placebo in a clinical setting?

    <p>An inactive substance used as a control (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacotherapy, what does the term 'prototype' refer to?

    <p>A standard example used for comparison within a drug class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes pharmacotherapy?

    <p>It involves the treatment of diseases using various therapeutic methods. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a brand name drug?

    <p>It can have multiple names. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about generic names of drugs?

    <p>There is only one generic name per drug. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect defines a drug's pharmacologic class?

    <p>The specific mechanism by which the drug acts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Phase 1 in clinical trials?

    <p>To determine safety aspects of the drug. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the therapeutic class of a drug?

    <p>It focuses on the specific health condition the drug treats. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration typically has the highest bioavailability?

    <p>Parenteral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary advantage of enteral administration?

    <p>Aseptic technique not required (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of parenteral administration?

    <p>Requires training to administer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a depot injection?

    <p>To deliver a drug for prolonged release over time (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key disadvantage of topical administration?

    <p>Limited drug options available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When applying a transdermal patch, what is a crucial step to ensure proper adhesion?

    <p>Press the patch firmly for 10 to 30 seconds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drawback of enteral drug administration compared to parenteral methods?

    <p>Relying on patient consciousness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which administration method can pose a risk of gastric irritation?

    <p>Enteral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of Schedule 1 drugs?

    <p>Illegal for non-research use under federal law (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a requirement for Schedule 2 prescriptions?

    <p>Must be written and cannot be prescribed over the phone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes an Over-the-Counter (OTC) medication from a prescription drug?

    <p>OTC medications may be harmful or ineffective (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug schedule allows for a maximum of five refills or prescription rewriting after six months?

    <p>Schedule 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of pharmacokinetics in relation to medication?

    <p>How medications travel through the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dosage form is known to have the highest bioavailability?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'First Pass Effect' refer to?

    <p>Metabolism of a drug by the liver before reaching general circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about prescription drugs?

    <p>All prescription drugs are safe for everyone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT known to affect drug metabolism?

    <p>Dietary habits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route that experiences first pass metabolism?

    <p>Oral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about excretion is true?

    <p>Reduced kidney function can slow elimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An agonist is characterized by which of the following actions?

    <p>It binds to a receptor to cause an effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'maintenance dose' refer to in pharmacology?

    <p>A dose that keeps drug concentration within the therapeutic range. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'trough level' in pharmacology?

    <p>The lowest concentration of medication in an individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can slow down drug excretion from the body?

    <p>Aging (C), High urine pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which definition correctly describes 'onset of action'?

    <p>Time it takes after administration to reach minimum therapeutic effect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Pharmacology

    • Pharmacology: The study of drugs, their properties, effects, and interactions with living organisms.
    • Pharmacotherapy: The treatment of diseases using drugs.
    • Drug: Any substance that alters physiological function.
    • Placebo: An inactive substance used as a control in experiments or therapies.
    • Prototype: A standard or typical example of a drug used to compare other drugs in the same class.
    • Ideal Drug: A medication that meets specific criteria for efficacy, safety, and convenience.

    Characteristics of an Ideal Drug

    • Effectively treats, prevents, or cures a condition.
    • Rapid and predictable response at low doses.
    • Quickly eliminated by the body after the therapeutic effect is produced.
    • Can be taken infrequently or for a short time.
    • Affordable and readily available.
    • Convenient administration.
    • No adverse effects.
    • Does not interact with other medications or food.

    Drug Naming

    • Trade Name (Brand Name): Created by the drug company, often easier to remember and pronounce; must be approved by the FDA.
    • Generic Name: A single name for a drug; first letter is lowercase; examples: sildenafil, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, atorvastatin

    Drug Schedules

    • Schedule 1: All non-research use is illegal; highest potential for abuse (Heroin, LSD, MDMA).
    • Schedule 2: Accepted medical use but high potential for abuse (Oxycodone, Morphine).
    • Prescription Drugs (Rx): Available only with a prescription; typically require training/skill to administer.
    • Over-the-Counter Drugs (OTC): Available to the general population without a prescription.

    Drug Development and Approval

    • Laboratory Research, Pre-clinical Research, Clinical Trials (Phase 1 – Safety, Phase 2 – Effectiveness, Phase 3 – Patient Variability & Drug Interactions), Government Review, Post-Marketing Surveillance.

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Bioavailability: The amount of a drug that reaches the bloodstream after administration.
    • First-Pass Metabolism: When a drug is absorbed through the intestines, it passes through the liver before entering general circulation. Some of the drug may be broken down, reducing bioavailability.

    Routes of Administration

    • Enteral: Oral (tablet, capsule, controlled release), sublingual, buccal, nasogastric tube, rectal.
    • Parenteral: Intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intradermal, epidural, transdermal.
    • Topical: Transdermal, eye, ear, vaginal.
    • Inhalation: Vaporization, gas inhalation, nebulization.

    Factors Affecting Absorption

    • Administration route
    • Drug solubility
    • pH levels
    • Presence of food

    Drug Toxicity

    • Teratogenicity: Causes harm to a developing fetus.
    • Nephrotoxicity: Damage to the kidneys.
    • Hepatotoxicity: Damage to the liver.
    • Neurotoxicity: Damage to the brain or nerves.
    • Dermatologic toxicity: Damage to the skin.
    • Ototoxicity: Damage to the ear.
    • Musculoskeletal toxicity: Damage to muscles or tendons.
    • Bone marrow suppression: Impaired production of blood cells.
    • Cardiotoxicity: Damage to the heart

    Drug Interactions

    • Drugs interacting with other drugs, foods, or other substances.

    Medication Errors

    • Strategies to reduce medication errors involve up-to-date knowledge, sticking to what's known, scanning and confirming information, consulting interdisciplinary teams, writing out orders, not having look-a-likes and sound-a-likes stored together.

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    Related Documents

    Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of pharmacology, including drug indications, side effects, and classifications. This quiz covers essential topics that are crucial for understanding pharmacotherapy and clinical trials. Perfect for students studying pharmacy or healthcare professionals seeking to refresh their knowledge.

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