Pharmacology Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What defines pharmacology?

  • The study of plants and animals
  • The science of drug preparation
  • The science which deals with drugs, their sources, and actions (correct)
  • The diagnosis and treatment of diseases

Which of the following is NOT a source of drugs?

  • Synthetic chemistry
  • Plants
  • Minerals
  • Human tissue (correct)

What is meant by the term 'local action' of a drug?

  • Action that affects the entire body
  • Action that results from the drug's side effects
  • Action at a specific site of application (correct)
  • Action that occurs systemically after absorption

Which form of drugs is typically used for internal applications?

<p>Pills and capsules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT significantly affect drug action?

<p>Time of administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which route of drug administration is characterized by the use of vials and injections?

<p>Injection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does systemic action of a drug differ from local action?

<p>Systemic action affects distant organs, while local action is confined to the application site (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug action occurs when inhaling ammonia to stimulate the brain?

<p>Reflex action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Pharmacology

  • The study of drugs, their sources, actions in diseases, and effects on living organisms.
  • A drug is a substance used for diagnosis, cure, or disease prevention.
  • Pharmacy is the science of drug preparation.
  • Drugs cannot change function, they only increase, decrease, or correct it.

Sources of Drugs

  • Plant-derived: Morphine, atropine
  • Animal-derived: Insulin
  • Microorganism-derived: Penicillin
  • Synthetic: Aspirin, sulfa drugs
  • Mineral-derived: Kaolin, liquid paraffin

Drug Action in the Body

  • Interactions of drugs with blood or tissue modify existing functions.

Types of Drug Action

  • Local action: Action at the site of application, like antiseptics.
  • Systemic action: Drug is absorbed and reaches distant organs for action, like penicillin in pneumonia.
  • Reflex action: Effects seen at different sites, like ammonia inhalation stimulating the brain.

Factors Affecting Drug Action

  • Dose: Too little has no effect, too much is toxic.
  • Age: Children are sensitive to CNS drugs but tolerate antibiotics better. They need lower doses than adults.
  • Body surface area: Chemotherapeutic agents are dosed based on body surface area.
  • Presence of other drugs: Ephedrine with aminophylline has a stronger effect in asthma.
  • Other factors: Genetics, emotions, metabolism, and drug tolerance.

Forms of Drugs

  • Internal use: Pills, tablets, capsules, spansules
  • External use: Ointment, pastes, creams, jellies
  • Internal or external use: Liquids (mixtures, suspensions, emulsions)
  • External use: Lotions, liniments
  • Injectable: Powders with distilled water, liquids in ampoules and vials (single or multidose).

Drug Administration Routes

  • Local: Applied directly to the affected area.
  • Oral:
    • Sublingual: Chewing or direct absorption under the tongue.
    • Swallowing: Tablets, capsules, etc.
  • Inhalation: Used for anesthetic drugs and steam inhalation.
  • Instillation: Liquids in drops, used in body cavities or orifices like ears, nose, and eyes.
  • Injection:
    • Ampoules: Single dose.
    • Vials: Multiple doses.
    • Bottles: For normal saline (NS) and dextrose normal saline (DNS) infusions.
    • Intradermal: Injected into the skin, like BCG vaccine.
    • Subcutaneous: Injected between the skin and muscle, like measles vaccine.
    • Intramuscular: Injected into the muscle, like B-complex and T.T. injections.
    • Intravenous: Injected into the vein, like aminophylline, deriphylline, and IV fluids for dehydration.
  • Enema: Medication administered rectally as a suppository.

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