Pharmacology Basics

<p>Ease of administration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of the interactions of chemicals with living systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The content does not specify a Schedule I controlled substance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High cholesterol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>60% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potential for abuse less than Schedule I and II drugs, and may lead to moderate to low physical or high psychological dependence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transports drugs out of cells, limiting their access. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through direct penetration of the lipid bilayer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of drug absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is lipid-soluble and able to easily penetrate membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of what the body does to a drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It metabolizes drugs and transports them into bile for elimination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To excrete drugs by pumping them into the urine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The movement of a drug across membranes due to differences in pH. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases absorption rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peptic ulcer disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergic reaction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Idiosyncratic effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical dependence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iatrogenic disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synergism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacokinetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase IV (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phase II and III (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generic name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacologic classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antihypertensives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pharmacologic classification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intravenous (IV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It selectively allows lipid-soluble drugs to enter while restricting others. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trapping of the drug in the fetal compartment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cannot interact with receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased metabolism of the inducing drug and other drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their liver enzymes are not yet fully active. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It decreases absorption of some drugs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It leads to erratic drug absorption due to inconsistent blood flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Presence of tight junctions that restrict drug passage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a limited blood supply, making it difficult for drugs to reach the site of action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lipid solubility of the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Balances free drug with drug bound to transport molecules to maintain constant levels of active drug (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unpredictable levels of active drug for both drugs because of potential saturation of metabolic enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of drugs and their interactions with living organisms.

The use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease, or to prevent pregnancy.

A chemical that can affect living processes.

The most important property a drug can have, meaning the drug should produce the desired effect.

The ideal drug should be as selective as possible, meaning it targets the intended site with minimal side effects on other organs.

An uncommon reaction to a drug caused by a genetic predisposition, leading to an unexpected response. For example, prolonged paralysis after succinylcholine due to an acetylcholinesterase deficiency.

Development of a physical dependence on a drug, like opioids, alcohol, or barbiturates, leading to withdrawal symptoms if discontinued abruptly.

A disease caused unintentionally by medical treatment, such as drug-induced Parkinson's-like symptoms from antipsychotic medication.

When two drugs with similar actions combine to produce an effect equal to the sum of their individual effects (1 + 1 = 2). For example, a diuretic and a beta-blocker.

When two drugs interact to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects (1 + 1 > 2). For example, Bactrim, a combination of two antibiotics.

When the effect of one drug is lessened or canceled out by another drug (1 + 1 < 2). For example, naloxone reversing the effects of morphine.

The study of how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

The study of how drugs interact with the body's cells and tissues to produce an effect.

The process by which the body eliminates a drug.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by 50%.

The smallest dose of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect.

The highest concentration of a drug that can be tolerated without producing toxic effects.

The range of drug doses that produce therapeutic effects without causing unacceptable toxic effects.

The amount of drug that needs to be administered to produce a therapeutic effect.

The time it takes for a drug to reach its peak concentration in the blood.

A Schedule I drug has a high potential for abuse and is not currently accepted for medical use in the United States.

A Schedule II drug has a high potential for abuse, but it is currently accepted for medical use in the United States.

The term 'pharmacokinetics' describes how the body processes a drug. It encompasses absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

Absorption is the movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream.

Distribution refers to the movement of a drug from the site of absorption to the site of action. This can be the bloodstream and tissues.

Metabolism is the breakdown of a drug by the body, usually in the liver.

Excretion is the elimination of a drug from the body, mainly through the kidneys and urine.

The rate of absorption of a drug affects the speed at which its effects will begin.

The amount of a drug absorbed, along with other factors, influences the intensity of its effects.

The way a drug is administered can affect its absorption.

A drug's lipid solubility affects its ability to cross cell membranes and reach its target.

P-glycoprotein is a transporter protein that pumps drugs out of cells, helping to limit their access to certain areas like the brain.

The rate of dissolution refers to how quickly a drug dissolves in a solution, which impacts absorption.

The surface area of the site of administration can influence the rate of absorption. A larger surface area allows for faster absorption.

Blood flow to the site of administration influences absorption. Good blood flow allows for faster absorption.

Drug administration route involving placing medication under the tongue.

The process of a drug moving from the site of administration to the bloodstream.

Drug administration route involving injecting medication directly into a vein.

The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to its target site in the body.

A barrier that limits the passage of drugs from the bloodstream to the brain.

A measure of how well a drug binds to plasma proteins in the blood.

A process by which the body transforms drugs into inactive or more easily excretable forms.

Drugs that are converted to inactive forms by the liver before entering the systemic circulation.

A factor that can affect drug distribution, affecting the rate of delivery to tissues.

The process by which drugs are eliminated from the body.

The ability of a drug to induce or inhibit its own metabolism, affecting the duration of action.

Factors that could affect drug absorption in older adults.

Factors that could affect drug metabolism in older adults.

Factors that could affect drug excretion in older adults.

A state where a drug is bound to a carrier molecule but not exerting its pharmacological effect.